Added an *experimental* tool (bitmap2component) to create logos from .bmp...

Added an *experimental* tool (bitmap2component) to create logos from .bmp bitmaps. Added Potrace library to convert bitmaps to polygons
    This tool uses potarce library that converts a bitmap picture (.bmp or .pgm format) to a set of polygons.
    bitmap2component converts a bitmap to a .emp footprint (that can be imported by modedit) or a .lib component that can be    imported by libedit.
    See changelog for more info

CHANGELOG.txt

@@ -4,6 +4,24 @@ KiCad ChangeLog 2010
 Please add newer entries at the top, list the date and your name with
 email address.
 
+
+2010-jun-10, UPDATE Jean-Pierre Charras <jean-pierre.charras@gipsa-lab.inpg.fr>
+================================================================================
+Added an experimental tool (bitmap2component) to create logos from .bmp bitmaps. Added Potrace library to convert bitmaps to polygons
+    This tool uses potarce library that converts a bitmap picture (.bmp or .pgm format) to a set of polygons.
+    bitmap2component converts a bitmap to a .emp footprint (that can be imported by modedit) or a .lib component that can be
+    imported by libedit.
+    Note: imported bitmaps logos are vectored by potrace, so there is no pixelation effect.
+    Scale is 1:1 for 300ppi pictures.
+    bitmap2component currently runs only is command line mode
+    run
+        bitmap2component bitmapfile.bmp bitmapfile.lib 1 to create a schematic component logo
+        (import this file using libedit)
+        or
+        bitmap2component bitmapfile.bmp bitmapfile.emp 1 to create a footprint logo
+        (import this file using modedit)
+
+
 2010-may-18, UPDATE Jean-Pierre Charras <jean-pierre.charras@gipsa-lab.inpg.fr>
 ================================================================================
 ++All:

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -187,6 +187,8 @@ add_subdirectory(kicad)
 add_subdirectory(pcbnew)
 add_subdirectory(polygon)
 add_subdirectory(polygon/kbool/src)
+add_subdirectory(potrace)
+add_subdirectory(bitmap2component)
 
 #############
 # Resources #

bitmap2component/CMakeLists.txt

+include_directories(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+                    ../potrace
+                    ../polygon/kbool/include
+                    )
+
+set(BITMAP2COMPONENT_SRCS
+    bitmap2component.cpp
+    )
+
+add_executable(bitmap2component WIN32 MACOSX_BUNDLE ${BITMAP2COMPONENT_SRCS} ${BITMAP2COMPONENT_RESOURCES})
+
+
+target_link_libraries( bitmap2component potrace kbool )
+
+if(APPLE)
+    set_target_properties(bitmap2component PROPERTIES )
+endif(APPLE)
+
+install(TARGETS bitmap2component
+        DESTINATION ${KICAD_BIN}
+        COMPONENT binary)
+

bitmap2component/bitmap2component.cpp

+/*
+ * This program source code file is part of KICAD, a free EDA CAD application.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 1992-2010 jean-pierre.charras
+ * Copyright (C) 1992-2010 Kicad Developers, see change_log.txt for contributors.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, you may find one here:
+ * http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html
+ * or you may search the http://www.gnu.org website for the version 2 license,
+ * or you may write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA
+ */
+
+#include "kbool/booleng.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "potracelib.h"
+#include "bitmap_io.h"
+#include "auxiliary.h"
+
+
+#ifndef max
+    #define max( a, b ) ( ( (a) > (b) ) ? (a) : (b) )
+  #endif
+  #ifndef min
+    #define min( a, b ) ( ( (a) < (b) ) ? (a) : (b) )
+  #endif
+
+
+enum output_format {
+    POSTSCRIPT_FMT = 1,
+    PCBNEW_FMT,
+    EESCHEMA_FMT
+};
+
+
+/* Helper class th handle useful info to convert a bitmpa to
+ *  a polygonal object description
+ */
+class BITMAPCONV_INFO
+{
+public:
+    enum output_format m_Format;
+    int m_PixmapWidth;
+    int m_PixmapHeight;             // the bitmap size in pixels
+    double             m_ScaleX;
+    double             m_ScaleY;    // the conversion scale
+    potrace_path_t*    m_Paths;     // the list of paths, from potrace (list of lines and bezier curves)
+    FILE* m_Outfile;
+public:
+    BITMAPCONV_INFO();
+};
+
+static void BezierToPolyline( std::vector <potrace_dpoint_t>& aCornersBuffer,
+                              potrace_dpoint_t                p1,
+                              potrace_dpoint_t                p2,
+                              potrace_dpoint_t                p3,
+                              potrace_dpoint_t                p4 );
+
+static void CreateOutputFile( BITMAPCONV_INFO& aInfo );
+
+static const char* CmpName = "LOGO";
+
+
+BITMAPCONV_INFO::BITMAPCONV_INFO()
+{
+    m_Format = POSTSCRIPT_FMT;
+    m_PixmapWidth  = 0;
+    m_PixmapHeight = 0;
+    m_ScaleX  = 1.0;
+    m_ScaleY  = 1.0;
+    m_Paths   = NULL;
+    m_Outfile = NULL;
+}
+
+
+/** Function ArmBoolEng
+ * Initialise parameters used in kbool
+ * @param aBooleng = pointer to the Bool_Engine to initialise
+ * @param aConvertHoles = mode for holes when a boolean operation is made
+ *   true: in resulting polygon, holes are linked into outer contours by double overlapping segments
+ *   false: in resulting polygons, holes are not linked: they are separate polygons
+ */
+void ArmBoolEng( Bool_Engine* aBooleng, bool aConvertHoles )
+{
+    // set some global vals to arm the boolean engine
+
+    // input points are scaled up with GetDGrid() * GetGrid()
+
+    // DGRID is only meant to make fractional parts of input data which
+
+    /*
+     *  The input data scaled up with DGrid is related to the accuracy the user has in his input data.
+     *  User data with a minimum accuracy of 0.001, means set the DGrid to 1000.
+     *  The input data may contain data with a minimum accuracy much smaller, but by setting the DGrid
+     *  everything smaller than 1/DGrid is rounded.
+     *
+     *  DGRID is only meant to make fractional parts of input data which can be
+     *  doubles, part of the integers used in vertexes within the boolean algorithm.
+     *  And therefore DGRID bigger than 1 is not usefull, you would only loose accuracy.
+     *  Within the algorithm all input data is multiplied with DGRID, and the result
+     *  is rounded to an integer.
+     */
+    double DGRID = 1000.0;      // round coordinate X or Y value in calculations to this (initial value = 1000.0 in kbool example)
+                                // kbool uses DGRID to convert float user units to integer
+                                // kbool unit = (int)(user unit * DGRID)
+                                // Note: in kicad, coordinates are already integer so DGRID could be set to 1
+                                // we can choose 1.0,
+                                // but choose DGRID = 1000.0 solves some filling problems
+//                             (perhaps because this allows a better precision in kbool internal calculations
+
+    double MARGE = 1.0 / DGRID;         // snap with in this range points to lines in the intersection routines
+                                        // should always be >= 1/DGRID  a  MARGE >= 10/DGRID is ok
+                                        // this is also used to remove small segments and to decide when
+                                        // two segments are in line. ( initial value = 0.001 )
+                                        // For kicad we choose MARGE = 1/DGRID
+
+    double CORRECTIONFACTOR = 0.0;      // correct the polygons by this number: used in BOOL_CORRECTION operation
+                                        // this operation shrinks a polygon if CORRECTIONFACTOR < 0
+                                        // or stretch it if CORRECTIONFACTOR > 0
+                                        // the size change is CORRECTIONFACTOR (holes are correctly handled)
+    double CORRECTIONABER = 1.0;        // the accuracy for the rounded shapes used in correction
+    double ROUNDFACTOR    = 1.5;        // when will we round the correction shape to a circle
+    double SMOOTHABER     = 10.0;       // accuracy when smoothing a polygon
+    double MAXLINEMERGE   = 1000.0;     // leave as is, segments of this length in smoothen
+
+
+    /*
+     *    Grid makes sure that the integer data used within the algorithm has room for extra intersections
+     *    smaller than the smallest number within the input data.
+     *    The input data scaled up with DGrid is related to the accuracy the user has in his input data.
+     *    Another scaling with Grid is applied on top of it to create space in the integer number for
+     *    even smaller numbers.
+     */
+    int GRID = (int) 10000 / DGRID;       // initial value = 10000 in kbool example
+
+    // But we use 10000/DGRID because the scalling is made
+    // by DGRID on integer pcbnew units and
+    // the global scalling ( GRID*DGRID) must be < 30000 to avoid
+    // overflow in calculations (made in long long in kbool)
+    if( GRID <= 1 )     // Cannot be null!
+        GRID = 1;
+
+    aBooleng->SetMarge( MARGE );
+    aBooleng->SetGrid( GRID );
+    aBooleng->SetDGrid( DGRID );
+    aBooleng->SetCorrectionFactor( CORRECTIONFACTOR );
+    aBooleng->SetCorrectionAber( CORRECTIONABER );
+    aBooleng->SetSmoothAber( SMOOTHABER );
+    aBooleng->SetMaxlinemerge( MAXLINEMERGE );
+    aBooleng->SetRoundfactor( ROUNDFACTOR );
+    aBooleng->SetWindingRule( true );           // This is the default kbool value
+
+    if( aConvertHoles )
+    {
+#if 1                                                       // Can be set to 1 for kbool version >= 2.1, must be set to 0 for previous versions
+        // SetAllowNonTopHoleLinking() exists only in kbool >= 2.1
+        aBooleng->SetAllowNonTopHoleLinking( false );       // Default = , but i have problems (filling errors) when true
+#endif
+        aBooleng->SetLinkHoles( true );                     // holes will be connected by double overlapping segments
+        aBooleng->SetOrientationEntryMode( false );         // all polygons are contours, not holes
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        aBooleng->SetLinkHoles( false );                // holes will not be connected by double overlapping segments
+        aBooleng->SetOrientationEntryMode( true );      // holes are entered counter clockwise
+    }
+}
+
+
+int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
+{
+    potrace_bitmap_t* potrace_bitmap = NULL;
+    potrace_param_t*  param;
+    potrace_state_t*  st;
+    int   error;
+    int fmt_option = '0';
+
+
+    FILE* infile, * outfile = NULL;
+
+    if( argc < 4 )
+    {
+        printf( "Usage:\nbitmap2component <infile_bitmap.ext> <outfile.ext> <0,1,2>\n" );
+        printf( "  Allowed bitmap files formats are .bmp or .pgm\n" );
+        printf( "output format:\n   0 = pcbnew.emp, 1 = eeschema.lib, 2 = ps\n" );
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    infile = fopen( argv[1], "r" );
+    if( infile == NULL )
+    {
+        printf( "File %s could not be opened\n", argv[1] );
+        return -2;
+    }
+
+    outfile = fopen( argv[2], "w" );
+    if( outfile == NULL )
+    {
+        printf( "File %s could not be opened\n", argv[2] );
+        return -2;
+    }
+
+    double threshold = 0.5;     // = 0 to 1.0
+
+    error = bm_read( infile, threshold, &potrace_bitmap );
+    if( error != 0 )
+    {
+        printf( "Bitmap %s could not be read\n", argv[1] );
+        return -2;
+    }
+
+    if( !potrace_bitmap )
+    {
+        fprintf( stderr, "Error allocating bitmap: %s\n", strerror( errno ) );
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    /* set tracing parameters, starting from defaults */
+    param = potrace_param_default();
+    if( !param )
+    {
+        fprintf( stderr, "Error allocating parameters: %s\n", strerror( errno ) );
+        return 1;
+    }
+    param->turdsize = 0;
+
+    /* convert the bitmap to curves */
+    st = potrace_trace( param, potrace_bitmap );
+    if( !st || st->status != POTRACE_STATUS_OK )
+    {
+        fprintf( stderr, "Error tracing bitmap: %s\n", strerror( errno ) );
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    BITMAPCONV_INFO info;
+    info.m_PixmapWidth  = potrace_bitmap->w;
+    info.m_PixmapHeight = potrace_bitmap->h;     // the bitmap size in pixels
+    info.m_Paths   = st->plist;
+    info.m_Outfile = outfile;
+
+    if( argc >= 4 )
+        fmt_option = argv[3][0];
+    switch( fmt_option )
+    {
+    case '2':
+        info.m_Format = POSTSCRIPT_FMT;
+        info.m_ScaleX = info.m_ScaleY = 1.0;        // the conversion scale
+        /* output vector data, e.g. as a rudimentary EPS file */
+        break;
+
+    case '1':
+        info.m_Format = EESCHEMA_FMT;
+        info.m_ScaleX = info.m_ScaleY = 1000.0 / 300;        // the conversion scale
+        break;
+
+    case '0':
+        info.m_Format = PCBNEW_FMT;
+        info.m_ScaleX = 10000.0 / 300;        // the conversion scale
+        info.m_ScaleY = -info.m_ScaleX;       // Y axis is top to bottom in modedit
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        printf( "Unknown output format\n" );
+        break;
+    }
+
+    CreateOutputFile( info );
+
+    bm_free( potrace_bitmap );
+
+    potrace_state_free( st );
+    potrace_param_free( param );
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+static void OuputHeader( BITMAPCONV_INFO& aInfo )
+{
+    int Ypos = (int) ( aInfo.m_PixmapHeight / 2 * aInfo.m_ScaleY );
+    int fieldSize;             // fields text size = 60 mils
+
+    switch( aInfo.m_Format )
+    {
+    case POSTSCRIPT_FMT:
+        /* output vector data, e.g. as a rudimentary EPS file */
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "%%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0\n" );
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "%%%%BoundingBox: 0 0 %d %d\n",
+                 aInfo.m_PixmapWidth, aInfo.m_PixmapHeight );
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "gsave\n" );
+        break;
+
+    case PCBNEW_FMT:
+        #define FIELD_LAYER 21
+        fieldSize = 600;             // fields text size = 60 mils
+        Ypos += fieldSize / 2;
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "PCBNEW-LibModule-V1\n" );
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "$INDEX\n%s\n$EndINDEX\n", CmpName );
+
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "#\n# %s\n", CmpName );
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "# pixmap w = %d, h = %d\n#\n",
+                 aInfo.m_PixmapWidth, aInfo.m_PixmapHeight );
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "$MODULE %s\n", CmpName );
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "Po 0 0 0 15 00000000 00000000 ~~\n");
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "T0 0 %d %d %d 0 %d N I %d \"G***\"\n",
+                Ypos, fieldSize, fieldSize, fieldSize/5, FIELD_LAYER );
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "T1 0 %d %d %d 0 %d N I %d \"%s\"\n",
+                -Ypos, fieldSize, fieldSize, fieldSize/5, FIELD_LAYER, CmpName );
+        break;
+
+    case EESCHEMA_FMT:
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "EESchema-LIBRARY Version 2.3\n" );
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "#\n# %s\n", CmpName );
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "# pixmap size w = %d, h = %d\n#\n",
+                 aInfo.m_PixmapWidth, aInfo.m_PixmapHeight );
+
+        // print reference and value
+        fieldSize = 60;             // fields text size = 60 mils
+        Ypos += fieldSize / 2;
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "DEF %s G 0 40 Y Y 1 F N\n", CmpName );
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "F0 \"#G\" 0 %d %d H I C CNN\n", Ypos, fieldSize );
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "F1 \"%s\" 0 %d %d H I C CNN\n", CmpName, -Ypos, fieldSize );
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "DRAW\n" );
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+
+static void OuputEnd( BITMAPCONV_INFO& aInfo )
+{
+    switch( aInfo.m_Format )
+    {
+    case POSTSCRIPT_FMT:
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "grestore\n" );
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "%%EOF\n" );
+        break;
+
+    case PCBNEW_FMT:
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "$EndMODULE %s\n", CmpName );
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "$EndLIBRARY\n" );
+        break;
+
+    case EESCHEMA_FMT:
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "ENDDRAW\n" );
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "ENDDEF\n" );
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+
+static void OuputOnePolygon( BITMAPCONV_INFO&                aInfo,
+                             std::vector <potrace_dpoint_t>& aPolygonBuffer )
+{
+    unsigned ii;
+
+    double   offsetX = aInfo.m_PixmapWidth / 2 * aInfo.m_ScaleX;
+    double   offsetY = aInfo.m_PixmapHeight / 2 * aInfo.m_ScaleY;
+
+    switch( aInfo.m_Format )
+    {
+    case POSTSCRIPT_FMT:
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "%f %f moveto\n",
+                 aPolygonBuffer[0].x * aInfo.m_ScaleX,
+                 aPolygonBuffer[0].y * aInfo.m_ScaleY );
+        for( ii = 1; ii < aPolygonBuffer.size(); ii++ )
+            fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "%f %f lineto\n",
+                     aPolygonBuffer[ii].x * aInfo.m_ScaleX,
+                     aPolygonBuffer[ii].y * aInfo.m_ScaleY );
+
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "0 setgray fill\n" );
+        break;
+
+    case PCBNEW_FMT:
+    {
+        #define SILKSCREEN_N_FRONT 21
+        int layer = SILKSCREEN_N_FRONT;
+        int width = 1;
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "DP %d %d %d %d %d %d %d\n",
+                       0, 0, 0, 0,
+                       aPolygonBuffer.size()+1,
+                       width, layer );
+
+        for( ii = 0; ii < aPolygonBuffer.size();  ii++ )
+            fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "Dl %d %d\n",
+                    (int) ( aPolygonBuffer[ii].x * aInfo.m_ScaleX - offsetX ),
+                    (int) ( aPolygonBuffer[ii].y * aInfo.m_ScaleY - offsetY ) );
+        // Close polygon
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "Dl %d %d\n",
+                (int) ( aPolygonBuffer[0].x * aInfo.m_ScaleX - offsetX ),
+                (int) ( aPolygonBuffer[0].y * aInfo.m_ScaleY - offsetY ) );
+    }
+        break;
+
+    case EESCHEMA_FMT:
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, "P %d 0 0 1", aPolygonBuffer.size()+1 );
+        for( ii = 0; ii < aPolygonBuffer.size(); ii++ )
+            fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, " %d %d",
+                    (int) ( aPolygonBuffer[ii].x * aInfo.m_ScaleX - offsetX ),
+                    (int) ( aPolygonBuffer[ii].y * aInfo.m_ScaleY - offsetY ) );
+       // Close polygon
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, " %d %d",
+                (int) ( aPolygonBuffer[0].x * aInfo.m_ScaleX - offsetX ),
+                (int) ( aPolygonBuffer[0].y * aInfo.m_ScaleY - offsetY ) );
+
+        fprintf( aInfo.m_Outfile, " F\n" );
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+
+static void CreateOutputFile( BITMAPCONV_INFO& aInfo )
+{
+    unsigned int i, n;
+    int*         tag;
+
+    std::vector <potrace_dpoint_t> cornersBuffer;
+
+    potrace_dpoint_t( *c )[3];
+    OuputHeader( aInfo );
+
+    bool         main_outline = true;
+    Bool_Engine* booleng = NULL;
+
+    /* draw each as a polygon with no hole.
+     * Bezier curves are approximated by a polyline
+     */
+    potrace_path_t* paths = aInfo.m_Paths;    // the list of paths
+    while( paths != NULL )
+    {
+        n   = paths->curve.n;
+        tag = paths->curve.tag;
+        c   = paths->curve.c;
+        potrace_dpoint_t startpoint = c[n - 1][2];
+        cornersBuffer.push_back( startpoint );
+        if( booleng == NULL )
+        {
+            booleng = new Bool_Engine();
+            ArmBoolEng( booleng, true );
+        }
+        for( i = 0; i < n; i++ )
+        {
+            switch( tag[i] )
+            {
+            case POTRACE_CORNER:
+                cornersBuffer.push_back( c[i][1] );
+                cornersBuffer.push_back( c[i][2] );
+                startpoint = c[i][2];
+                break;
+
+            case POTRACE_CURVETO:
+                BezierToPolyline( cornersBuffer, startpoint, c[i][0], c[i][1], c[i][2] );
+                startpoint = c[i][2];
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Store current path
+        if( main_outline )
+        {
+            main_outline = false;
+            booleng->StartPolygonAdd( GROUP_A );
+            for( i = 1; i < cornersBuffer.size(); i++ )
+                booleng->AddPoint( cornersBuffer[i].x, cornersBuffer[i].y );
+
+            booleng->EndPolygonAdd();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            booleng->StartPolygonAdd( GROUP_B );
+            for( i = 1; i < cornersBuffer.size(); i++ )
+                booleng->AddPoint( cornersBuffer[i].x, cornersBuffer[i].y );
+
+            booleng->EndPolygonAdd();
+        }
+        cornersBuffer.clear();
+
+        /* at the end of a group of a positive path and its negative
+         *  children, fill. */
+        if( paths->next == NULL || paths->next->sign == '+' )
+        {
+            booleng->Do_Operation( BOOL_A_SUB_B );
+            std::vector <potrace_dpoint_t> PolygonBuffer;
+            while( booleng->StartPolygonGet() )
+            {
+                potrace_dpoint_t corner;
+                PolygonBuffer.clear();
+                while( booleng->PolygonHasMorePoints() )
+                {
+                    corner.x = booleng->GetPolygonXPoint();
+                    corner.y = booleng->GetPolygonYPoint();
+                    PolygonBuffer.push_back( corner );
+                }
+
+                booleng->EndPolygonGet();
+                OuputOnePolygon( aInfo, PolygonBuffer );
+                PolygonBuffer.clear();
+            }
+
+            delete booleng;
+            booleng = NULL;
+            main_outline = true;
+        }
+        paths = paths->next;
+    }
+
+    OuputEnd( aInfo );
+}
+
+
+/* render a Bezier curve. */
+void BezierToPolyline( std::vector <potrace_dpoint_t>& aCornersBuffer,
+                       potrace_dpoint_t                p1,
+                       potrace_dpoint_t                p2,
+                       potrace_dpoint_t                p3,
+                       potrace_dpoint_t                p4 )
+{
+    double dd0, dd1, dd, delta, e2, epsilon, t;
+
+    // p1 = starting point
+
+    /* we approximate the curve by small line segments. The interval
+     *  size, epsilon, is determined on the fly so that the distance
+     *  between the true curve and its approximation does not exceed the
+     *  desired accuracy delta. */
+
+    delta = 0.5; /* desired accuracy, in pixels */
+
+    /* let dd = maximal value of 2nd derivative over curve - this must
+     *  occur at an endpoint. */
+    dd0     = sq( p1.x - 2 * p2.x + p3.x ) + sq( p1.y - 2 * p2.y + p3.y );
+    dd1     = sq( p2.x - 2 * p3.x + p4.x ) + sq( p2.y - 2 * p3.y + p4.y );
+    dd      = 6 * sqrt( max( dd0, dd1 ) );
+    e2      = 8 * delta <= dd ? 8 * delta / dd : 1;
+    epsilon = sqrt( e2 ); /* necessary interval size */
+
+    for( t = epsilon; t<1; t += epsilon )
+    {
+        potrace_dpoint_t intermediate_point;
+        intermediate_point.x = p1.x * cu( 1 - t ) +
+                               3* p2.x* sq( 1 - t ) * t +
+                               3 * p3.x * (1 - t) * sq( t ) +
+                               p4.x*    cu( t );
+
+        intermediate_point.y = p1.y * cu( 1 - t ) +
+                               3* p2.y* sq( 1 - t ) * t +
+                               3 * p3.y * (1 - t) * sq( t ) + p4.y* cu( t );
+
+        aCornersBuffer.push_back( intermediate_point );
+    }
+
+    aCornersBuffer.push_back( p4 );
+}

eeschema/class_libentry.cpp

@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ bool LIB_COMPONENT::Load( FILE* aFile, char* aLine, int* aLineNum,
     {
         aErrorMsg.Printf( wxT( "Wrong DEF format in line %d, skipped." ),
                           *aLineNum );
-        while( GetLine( aFile, aLine, aLineNum, 1024 ) )
+        while( GetLine( aFile, aLine, aLineNum, LINE_BUFFER_LEN_LARGE ) )
         {
             p = strtok( aLine, " \t\n" );
             if( stricmp( p, "ENDDEF" ) == 0 )
@@ -726,7 +726,7 @@ bool LIB_COMPONENT::Load( FILE* aFile, char* aLine, int* aLineNum,
         m_options = ENTRY_POWER;
 
     /* Read next lines */
-    while( GetLine( aFile, aLine, aLineNum, 1024 ) )
+    while( GetLine( aFile, aLine, aLineNum, LINE_BUFFER_LEN_LARGE ) )
     {
         p = strtok( aLine, " \t\n" );
 
@@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ bool LIB_COMPONENT::LoadDrawEntries( FILE* aFile, char* aLine,
 
     while( true )
     {
-        if( GetLine( aFile, aLine, aLineNum, 1024 ) == NULL )
+        if( GetLine( aFile, aLine, aLineNum, LINE_BUFFER_LEN_LARGE ) == NULL )
         {
             aErrorMsg = wxT( "file ended prematurely loading component draw element" );
             return false;
@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ bool LIB_COMPONENT::LoadDrawEntries( FILE* aFile, char* aLine,
             /* Flush till end of draw section */
             do
             {
-                if( GetLine( aFile, aLine, aLineNum, 1024 ) == NULL )
+                if( GetLine( aFile, aLine, aLineNum, LINE_BUFFER_LEN_LARGE ) == NULL )
                 {
                     aErrorMsg = wxT( "file ended prematurely while attempting \
 to flush to end of drawing section." );
@@ -899,7 +899,7 @@ bool LIB_COMPONENT::LoadFootprints( FILE* aFile, char* aLine,
 {
     while( true )
     {
-        if( GetLine( aFile, aLine, aLineNum, 1024 ) == NULL )
+        if( GetLine( aFile, aLine, aLineNum, LINE_BUFFER_LEN_LARGE ) == NULL )
         {
             aErrorMsg = wxT( "file ended prematurely while loading footprints" );
             return false;

eeschema/class_library.cpp

@@ -551,7 +551,7 @@ bool CMP_LIBRARY::Load( wxString& aErrorMsg )
 {
     FILE*          file;
     int            lineNumber = 0;
-    char           line[1024];
+    char           line[LINE_BUFFER_LEN_LARGE];  // Use a very large buffer to load data
     LIB_COMPONENT* libEntry;
     wxString       msg;
 
@@ -716,7 +716,7 @@ void CMP_LIBRARY::LoadAliases( LIB_COMPONENT* component )
 
 bool CMP_LIBRARY::LoadHeader( FILE* libfile, int* LineNum )
 {
-    char Line[1024], * text, * data;
+    char Line[LINE_BUFFER_LEN], * text, * data;
 
     while( GetLine( libfile, Line, LineNum, sizeof(Line) ) )
     {
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ bool CMP_LIBRARY::LoadHeader( FILE* libfile, int* LineNum )
 bool CMP_LIBRARY::LoadDocs( wxString& aErrorMsg )
 {
     int            lineNumber = 0;
-    char           line[1024], * name, * text;
+    char           line[LINE_BUFFER_LEN_LARGE], * name, * text;
     CMP_LIB_ENTRY* entry;
     FILE*          file;
     wxString       msg;

eeschema/classes_body_items.cpp

@@ -1369,6 +1369,8 @@ bool LIB_POLYLINE::Load( char* aLine, wxString& aErrorMsg )
     i = sscanf( &aLine[2], "%d %d %d %d", &ccount, &m_Unit, &m_Convert,
                 &m_Width );
 
+    m_Fill = NO_FILL;
+
     if( i < 4 )
     {
         aErrorMsg.Printf( _( "polyline only had %d parameters of the required 4" ), i );
@@ -1389,13 +1391,13 @@ bool LIB_POLYLINE::Load( char* aLine, wxString& aErrorMsg )
     {
         wxPoint point;
         p = strtok( NULL, " \t\n" );
-        if( sscanf( p, "%d", &pt.x ) != 1 )
+        if( p == NULL || sscanf( p, "%d", &pt.x ) != 1 )
         {
             aErrorMsg.Printf( _( "polyline point %d X position not defined" ), i );
             return false;
         }
         p = strtok( NULL, " \t\n" );
-        if( sscanf( p, "%d", &pt.y ) != 1 )
+        if( p == NULL || sscanf( p, "%d", &pt.y ) != 1 )
         {
             aErrorMsg.Printf( _( "polyline point %d Y position not defined" ), i );
             return false;
@@ -1403,8 +1405,6 @@ bool LIB_POLYLINE::Load( char* aLine, wxString& aErrorMsg )
         AddPoint( pt );
     }
 
-    m_Fill = NO_FILL;
-
     if( ( p = strtok( NULL, " \t\n" ) ) != NULL )
     {
         if( p[0] == 'F' )

eeschema/general.h

@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 #define EESCHEMA_FILE_STAMP   "EESchema"
 #define NULL_STRING           "_NONAME_"
 
+// Define the char buffer size used to read library files
+#define LINE_BUFFER_LEN_LARGE   8000
+#define LINE_BUFFER_LEN   1024
+
 #define MAX_PIN_INFO 10
 
 #define TXTMARGE 10                 /* Offset in mils for placement of labels

gerbview/gerber_test_files/octogonal.gbr

+*
+%FSLAX26Y26*%
+%MOIN*%
+G04 A4 - i274x.oc8.d36 *
+%AMA4top*
+4,1,8,
+0.034500,0.014290,
+0.034500,-0.014290,
+0.014290,-0.034500,
+-0.014290,-0.034500,
+-0.034500,-0.014290,
+-0.034500,0.014290,
+-0.014290,0.034500,
+0.014290,0.034500,
+0.034500,0.014290,
+0.0000*
+%
+%ADD40A4top*%
+%IPPOS*%
+%LNfp0149448top.gbx*%
+%LPD*%
+G75*
+G54D40*
+X04750000Y00344900D03*
+X04856300Y00246400D03*
+X04750000Y00148000D03*
+M02*

pcbnew/plot_rtn.cpp

@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ void Plot_1_EdgeModule( PLOTTER* plotter, EDGE_MODULE* PtEdge,
             *ptr++ = y;
         }
 
-        plotter->poly( PtEdge->m_PolyPoints.size(), ptr_base, NO_FILL,
+        plotter->poly( PtEdge->m_PolyPoints.size(), ptr_base, FILLED_SHAPE,
                        thickness );
         free( ptr_base );
     }

potrace/AUTHORS

+Known contributors are listed here, in alphabetical order by their
+abbreviations (which are used in Changelog).
+
+ PS1 Peter Selinger <selinger at users.sourceforge.net> (author)
+ TA1 Tor Andersson <tor at ghostscript.com>

potrace/CMakeLists.txt

+include_directories(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+                    )
+
+set(POTRACE_SRCS
+    bitmap_io.cpp
+    curve.cpp
+    decompose.cpp
+    greymap.cpp
+    potracelib.cpp
+    render.cpp
+    trace.cpp
+    )
+
+add_library(potrace ${POTRACE_SRCS})

potrace/auxiliary.h

+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Peter Selinger.
+ *  This file is part of Potrace. It is free software and it is covered
+ *  by the GNU General Public License. See the file COPYING for details. */
+
+/* This header file collects some general-purpose macros (and static
+ *  inline functions) that are used in various places. */
+
+#ifndef AUXILIARY_H
+#define AUXILIARY_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#include "config.h"
+#endif
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* point arithmetic */
+
+#include "potracelib.h"
+
+struct point_s
+{
+    long x;
+    long y;
+};
+typedef struct point_s   point_t;
+
+typedef potrace_dpoint_t dpoint_t;
+
+/* convert point_t to dpoint_t */
+static inline dpoint_t dpoint( point_t p )
+{
+    dpoint_t res;
+
+    res.x = p.x;
+    res.y = p.y;
+    return res;
+}
+
+
+/* range over the straight line segment [a,b] when lambda ranges over [0,1] */
+static inline dpoint_t interval( double lambda, dpoint_t a, dpoint_t b )
+{
+    dpoint_t res;
+
+    res.x = a.x + lambda * (b.x - a.x);
+    res.y = a.y + lambda * (b.y - a.y);
+    return res;
+}
+
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* some useful macros. Note: the "mod" macro works correctly for
+ *  negative a. Also note that the test for a>=n, while redundant,
+ *  speeds up the mod function by 70% in the average case (significant
+ *  since the program spends about 16% of its time here - or 40%
+ *  without the test). The "floordiv" macro returns the largest integer
+ *  <= a/n, and again this works correctly for negative a, as long as
+ *  a,n are integers and n>0. */
+
+/* integer arithmetic */
+
+static inline int mod( int a, int n )
+{
+    return a>=n ? a % n : a>=0 ? a : n - 1 - (-1 - a) % n;
+}
+
+
+static inline int floordiv( int a, int n )
+{
+    return a>=0 ? a / n : -1 - (-1 - a) / n;
+}
+
+
+/* Note: the following work for integers and other numeric types. */
+#undef sign
+#undef abs
+#undef min
+#undef max
+#undef sq
+#undef cu
+#define sign( x )   ( (x)>0 ? 1 : (x)<0 ? -1 : 0 )
+#define abs( a )    ( (a)>0 ? (a) : -(a) )
+#define min( a, b ) ( (a)<(b) ? (a) : (b) )
+#define max( a, b ) ( (a)>(b) ? (a) : (b) )
+#define sq( a )     ( (a) * (a) )
+#define cu( a )     ( (a) * (a) * (a) )
+
+#endif /* AUXILIARY_H */

potrace/bitmap.h

+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Peter Selinger.
+ *  This file is part of Potrace. It is free software and it is covered
+ *  by the GNU General Public License. See the file COPYING for details. */
+
+#ifndef BITMAP_H
+#define BITMAP_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#include "config.h"
+#endif
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+/* The bitmap type is defined in potracelib.h */
+#include "potracelib.h"
+
+/* The present file defines some convenient macros and static inline
+ *  functions for accessing bitmaps. Since they only produce inline
+ *  code, they can be conveniently shared by the library and frontends,
+ *  if desired */
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* some measurements */
+
+#define BM_WORDSIZE ( (int) sizeof(potrace_word) )
+#define BM_WORDBITS (8 * BM_WORDSIZE)
+#define BM_HIBIT    ( ( (potrace_word) 1 ) << (BM_WORDBITS - 1) )
+#define BM_ALLBITS  (~(potrace_word) 0)
+
+/* macros for accessing pixel at index (x,y). U* macros omit the
+ *  bounds check. */
+
+#define bm_scanline( bm, y )   ( (bm)->map + (y) * (bm)->dy )
+#define bm_index( bm, x, y )   (&bm_scanline( bm, y )[(x) / BM_WORDBITS])
+#define bm_mask( x )           ( BM_HIBIT >> ( (x) & (BM_WORDBITS - 1) ) )
+#define bm_range( x, a )       ( (int) (x) >= 0 && (int) (x) < (a) )
+#define bm_safe( bm, x, y )    ( bm_range( x, (bm)->w ) && bm_range( y, (bm)->h ) )
+#define BM_UGET( bm, x, y )    ( ( *bm_index( bm, x, y ) & bm_mask( x ) ) != 0 )
+#define BM_USET( bm, x, y )    ( *bm_index( bm, x, y ) |= bm_mask( x ) )
+#define BM_UCLR( bm, x, y )    ( *bm_index( bm, x, y ) &= ~bm_mask( x ) )
+#define BM_UINV( bm, x, y )    ( *bm_index( bm, x, y ) ^= bm_mask( x ) )
+#define BM_UPUT( bm, x, y, b ) ( (b) ? BM_USET( bm, x, y ) : BM_UCLR( bm, x, y ) )
+#define BM_GET( bm, x, y )     (bm_safe( bm, x, y ) ? BM_UGET( bm, x, y ) : 0)
+#define BM_SET( bm, x, y )     (bm_safe( bm, x, y ) ? BM_USET( bm, x, y ) : 0)
+#define BM_CLR( bm, x, y )     (bm_safe( bm, x, y ) ? BM_UCLR( bm, x, y ) : 0)
+#define BM_INV( bm, x, y )     (bm_safe( bm, x, y ) ? BM_UINV( bm, x, y ) : 0)
+#define BM_PUT( bm, x, y, b )  (bm_safe( bm, x, y ) ? BM_UPUT( bm, x, y, b ) : 0)
+
+/* free the given bitmap. Leaves errno untouched. */
+static inline void bm_free( potrace_bitmap_t* bm )
+{
+    if( bm )
+    {
+        free( bm->map );
+    }
+    free( bm );
+}
+
+
+/* return new un-initialized bitmap. NULL with errno on error */
+static inline potrace_bitmap_t* bm_new( int w, int h )
+{
+    potrace_bitmap_t* bm;
+    int dy = (w + BM_WORDBITS - 1) / BM_WORDBITS;
+
+    bm = (potrace_bitmap_t*) malloc( sizeof(potrace_bitmap_t) );
+    if( !bm )
+    {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    bm->w   = w;
+    bm->h   = h;
+    bm->dy  = dy;
+    bm->map = (potrace_word*) malloc( dy * h * BM_WORDSIZE );
+    if( !bm->map )
+    {
+        free( bm );
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return bm;
+}
+
+
+/* clear the given bitmap. Set all bits to c. */
+static inline void bm_clear( potrace_bitmap_t* bm, int c )
+{
+    memset( bm->map, c ? -1 : 0, bm->dy * bm->h * BM_WORDSIZE );
+}
+
+
+/* duplicate the given bitmap. Return NULL on error with errno set. */
+static inline potrace_bitmap_t* bm_dup( const potrace_bitmap_t* bm )
+{
+    potrace_bitmap_t* bm1 = bm_new( bm->w, bm->h );
+
+    if( !bm1 )
+    {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    memcpy( bm1->map, bm->map, bm->dy * bm->h * BM_WORDSIZE );
+    return bm1;
+}
+
+
+/* invert the given bitmap. */
+static inline void bm_invert( potrace_bitmap_t* bm )
+{
+    int i;
+
+    for( i = 0; i < bm->dy * bm->h; i++ )
+    {
+        bm->map[i] ^= BM_ALLBITS;
+    }
+}
+
+
+#endif /* BITMAP_H */

potrace/bitmap_io.cpp

+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Peter Selinger.
+ *  This file is part of Potrace. It is free software and it is covered
+ *  by the GNU General Public License. See the file COPYING for details. */
+
+/* $Id: bitmap_io.c 147 2007-04-09 00:44:09Z selinger $ */
+
+/* Routines for manipulating bitmaps, including reading pbm files. */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "bitmap.h"
+
+#define INTBITS ( 8 * sizeof(int) )
+
+static int bm_readbody_bmp( FILE* f, double threshold, potrace_bitmap_t** bmp );
+static int bm_readbody_pnm( FILE* f, double threshold, potrace_bitmap_t** bmp, int magic );
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* routines for reading pnm streams */
+
+/* read next character after whitespace and comments. Return EOF on
+ *  end of file or error. */
+static int fgetc_ws( FILE* f )
+{
+    int c;
+
+    while( 1 )
+    {
+        c = fgetc( f );
+        if( c=='#' )
+        {
+            while( 1 )
+            {
+                c = fgetc( f );
+                if( c=='\n' || c==EOF )
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        /* space, tab, line feed, carriage return, form-feed */
+        if( c!=' ' && c!='\t' && c!='\r' && c!='\n' && c!=12 )
+        {
+            return c;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* skip whitespace and comments, then read a non-negative decimal
+ *  number from a stream. Return -1 on EOF. Tolerate other errors (skip
+ *  bad characters). Do not the read any characters following the
+ *  number (put next character back into the stream) */
+
+static int readnum( FILE* f )
+{
+    int c;
+    int acc;
+
+    /* skip whitespace and comments */
+    while( 1 )
+    {
+        c = fgetc_ws( f );
+        if( c==EOF )
+        {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if( c>='0' && c<='9' )
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* first digit is already in c */
+    acc = c - '0';
+    while( 1 )
+    {
+        c = fgetc( f );
+        if( c==EOF )
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+        if( c<'0' || c>'9' )
+        {
+            ungetc( c, f );
+            break;
+        }
+        acc *= 10;
+        acc += c - '0';
+    }
+
+    return acc;
+}
+
+
+/* similar to readnum, but read only a single 0 or 1, and do not read
+ *  any characters after it. */
+
+static int readbit( FILE* f )
+{
+    int c;
+
+    /* skip whitespace and comments */
+    while( 1 )
+    {
+        c = fgetc_ws( f );
+        if( c==EOF )
+        {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if( c>='0' && c<='1' )
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return c - '0';
+}
+
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* read a PNM stream: P1-P6 format (see pnm(5)), or a BMP stream, and
+ *  convert the output to a bitmap. Return bitmap in *bmp. Return 0 on
+ *  success, -1 on error with errno set, -2 on bad file format (with
+ *  error message in bm_read_error), and 1 on premature end of file, -3
+ *  on empty file (including files which contain only whitespace and
+ *  comments), -4 if wrong magic number. If the return value is >=0,
+ *bmp is valid. */
+
+const char* bm_read_error = NULL;
+
+int bm_read( FILE* f, double threshold, potrace_bitmap_t** bmp )
+{
+    int magic[2];
+
+    /* read magic number. We ignore whitespace and comments before the
+     *  magic, for the benefit of concatenated files in P1-P3 format.
+     *  Multiple P1-P3 images in a single file are not formally allowed
+     *  by the PNM standard, but there is no harm in being lenient. */
+
+    magic[0] = fgetc_ws( f );
+    if( magic[0] == EOF )
+    {
+        return -3;
+    }
+    magic[1] = fgetc( f );
+    if( magic[0] == 'P' && magic[1] >= '1' && magic[1] <= '6' )
+    {
+        return bm_readbody_pnm( f, threshold, bmp, magic[1] );
+    }
+    if( magic[0] == 'B' && magic[1] == 'M' )
+    {
+        return bm_readbody_bmp( f, threshold, bmp );
+    }
+    return -4;
+}
+
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* read PNM format */
+
+/* read PNM stream after magic number. Return values as for bm_read */
+static int bm_readbody_pnm( FILE* f, double threshold, potrace_bitmap_t** bmp, int magic )
+{
+    potrace_bitmap_t* bm;
+    int x, y, i, b, b1, sum;
+    int bpr; /* bytes per row (as opposed to 4*bm->c) */
+    int w, h, max;
+
+    bm = NULL;
+
+    w = readnum( f );
+    if( w<0 )
+    {
+        goto format_error;
+    }
+
+    h = readnum( f );
+    if( h<0 )
+    {
+        goto format_error;
+    }
+
+    /* allocate bitmap */
+    bm = bm_new( w, h );
+    if( !bm )
+    {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* zero it out */
+    bm_clear( bm, 0 );
+
+    switch( magic )
+    {
+    default:
+        /* not reached */
+        goto format_error;
+
+    case '1':
+        /* read P1 format: PBM ascii */
+
+        for( y = h - 1; y>=0; y-- )
+        {
+            for( x = 0; x<w; x++ )
+            {
+                b = readbit( f );
+                if( b<0 )
+                {
+                    goto eof;
+                }
+                BM_UPUT( bm, x, y, b );
+            }
+        }
+
+        break;
+
+    case '2':
+        /* read P2 format: PGM ascii */
+
+        max = readnum( f );
+        if( max<1 )
+        {
+            goto format_error;
+        }
+
+        for( y = h - 1; y>=0; y-- )
+        {
+            for( x = 0; x<w; x++ )
+            {
+                b = readnum( f );
+                if( b<0 )
+                {
+                    goto eof;
+                }
+                BM_UPUT( bm, x, y, b > threshold * max ? 0 : 1 );
+            }
+        }
+
+        break;
+
+    case '3':
+        /* read P3 format: PPM ascii */
+
+        max = readnum( f );
+        if( max<1 )
+        {
+            goto format_error;
+        }
+
+        for( y = h - 1; y>=0; y-- )
+        {
+            for( x = 0; x<w; x++ )
+            {
+                sum = 0;
+                for( i = 0; i<3; i++ )
+                {
+                    b = readnum( f );
+                    if( b<0 )
+                    {
+                        goto eof;
+                    }
+                    sum += b;
+                }
+
+                BM_UPUT( bm, x, y, sum > 3 * threshold * max ? 0 : 1 );
+            }
+        }
+
+        break;
+
+    case '4':
+        /* read P4 format: PBM raw */
+
+        b = fgetc( f ); /* read single white-space character after height */
+        if( b==EOF )
+        {
+            goto format_error;
+        }
+
+        bpr = (w + 7) / 8;
+
+        for( y = h - 1; y>=0; y-- )
+        {
+            for( i = 0; i<bpr; i++ )
+            {
+                b = fgetc( f );
+                if( b==EOF )
+                {
+                    goto eof;
+                }
+                *bm_index( bm, i * 8,
+                           y ) |= ( (potrace_word) b ) <<
+                                  ( 8 * ( BM_WORDSIZE - 1 - (i % BM_WORDSIZE) ) );
+            }
+        }
+
+        break;
+
+    case '5':
+        /* read P5 format: PGM raw */
+
+        max = readnum( f );
+        if( max<1 )
+        {
+            goto format_error;
+        }
+
+        b = fgetc( f ); /* read single white-space character after max */
+        if( b==EOF )
+        {
+            goto format_error;
+        }
+
+        for( y = h - 1; y>=0; y-- )
+        {
+            for( x = 0; x<w; x++ )
+            {
+                b = fgetc( f );
+                if( b==EOF )
+                    goto eof;
+                if( max>=256 )
+                {
+                    b <<= 8;
+                    b1  = fgetc( f );
+                    if( b1==EOF )
+                        goto eof;
+                    b |= b1;
+                }
+                BM_UPUT( bm, x, y, b > threshold * max ? 0 : 1 );
+            }
+        }
+
+        break;
+
+    case '6':
+        /* read P6 format: PPM raw */
+
+        max = readnum( f );
+        if( max<1 )
+        {
+            goto format_error;
+        }
+
+        b = fgetc( f ); /* read single white-space character after max */
+        if( b==EOF )
+        {
+            goto format_error;
+        }
+
+        for( y = h - 1; y>=0; y-- )
+        {
+            for( x = 0; x<w; x++ )
+            {
+                sum = 0;
+                for( i = 0; i<3; i++ )
+                {
+                    b = fgetc( f );
+                    if( b==EOF )
+                    {
+                        goto eof;
+                    }
+                    if( max>=256 )
+                    {
+                        b <<= 8;
+                        b1  = fgetc( f );
+                        if( b1==EOF )
+                            goto eof;
+                        b |= b1;
+                    }
+                    sum += b;
+                }
+
+                BM_UPUT( bm, x, y, sum > 3 * threshold * max ? 0 : 1 );
+            }
+        }
+
+        break;
+    }
+
+    *bmp = bm;
+    return 0;
+
+eof:
+    *bmp = bm;
+    return 1;
+
+format_error:
+    bm_free( bm );
+    if( magic == '1' || magic == '4' )
+    {
+        bm_read_error = "invalid pbm file";
+    }
+    else if( magic == '2' || magic == '5' )
+    {
+        bm_read_error = "invalid pgm file";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        bm_read_error = "invalid ppm file";
+    }
+    return -2;
+}
+
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* read BMP format */
+
+struct bmp_info_s
+{
+    unsigned int FileSize;
+    unsigned int reserved;
+    unsigned int DataOffset;
+    unsigned int InfoSize;
+    unsigned int w;             /* width */
+    unsigned int h;             /* height */
+    unsigned int Planes;
+    unsigned int bits;          /* bits per sample */
+    unsigned int comp;          /* compression mode */
+    unsigned int ImageSize;
+    unsigned int XpixelsPerM;
+    unsigned int YpixelsPerM;
+    unsigned int ncolors;       /* number of colors in palette */
+    unsigned int ColorsImportant;
+    unsigned int ctbits;        /* sample size for color table */
+};
+typedef struct bmp_info_s bmp_info_t;
+
+/* auxiliary */
+
+static int bmp_count = 0;   /* counter for byte padding */
+static int bmp_pos   = 0;   /* counter from start of BMP data */
+
+/* read n-byte little-endian integer. Return 1 on EOF or error, else
+ *  0. Assume n<=4. */
+static int bmp_readint( FILE* f, int n, unsigned int* p )
+{
+    int          i;
+    unsigned int sum = 0;
+    int          b;
+
+    for( i = 0; i<n; i++ )
+    {
+        b = fgetc( f );
+        if( b==EOF )
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        sum += b << (8 * i);
+    }
+
+    bmp_count += n;
+    bmp_pos   += n;
+    *p = sum;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/* reset padding boundary */
+static void bmp_pad_reset( void )
+{
+    bmp_count = 0;
+}
+
+
+/* read padding bytes to 4-byte boundary. Return 1 on EOF or error,
+ *  else 0. */
+static int bmp_pad( FILE* f )
+{
+    int c, i, b;
+
+    c = (-bmp_count) & 3;
+    for( i = 0; i<c; i++ )
+    {
+        b = fgetc( f );
+        if( b==EOF )
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bmp_pos  += c;
+    bmp_count = 0;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/* forward to the new file position. Return 1 on EOF or error, else 0 */
+static int bmp_forward( FILE* f, int pos )
+{
+    int b;
+
+    while( bmp_pos < pos )
+    {
+        b = fgetc( f );
+        if( b==EOF )
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        bmp_pos++;
+        bmp_count++;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+#define TRY( x )     if( x ) \
+        goto try_error
+#define TRY_EOF( x ) if( x ) \
+        goto eof
+
+/* read BMP stream after magic number. Return values as for bm_read.
+ *  We choose to be as permissive as possible, since there are many
+ *  programs out there which produce BMP. For instance, ppmtobmp can
+ *  produce codings with anywhere from 1-8 or 24 bits per sample,
+ *  although most specifications only allow 1,4,8,24,32. We can also
+ *  read both the old and new OS/2 BMP formats in addition to the
+ *  Windows BMP format. */
+static int bm_readbody_bmp( FILE* f, double threshold, potrace_bitmap_t** bmp )
+{
+    bmp_info_t        bmpinfo;
+    int*              coltable;
+    unsigned int      b, c;
+    unsigned int      i;
+    potrace_bitmap_t* bm;
+    int mask;
+    unsigned int      x, y;
+    int col[2];
+    unsigned int      bitbuf;
+    unsigned int      n;
+    int col1[2];
+
+    bm_read_error = NULL;
+    bm = NULL;
+    coltable = NULL;
+
+    bmp_pos = 2; /* set file position */
+
+    /* file header (minus magic number) */
+    TRY( bmp_readint( f, 4, &bmpinfo.FileSize ) );
+    TRY( bmp_readint( f, 4, &bmpinfo.reserved ) );
+    TRY( bmp_readint( f, 4, &bmpinfo.DataOffset ) );
+
+    /* info header */
+    TRY( bmp_readint( f, 4, &bmpinfo.InfoSize ) );
+    if( bmpinfo.InfoSize == 40 || bmpinfo.InfoSize == 64 )
+    {
+        /* Windows or new OS/2 format */
+        bmpinfo.ctbits = 32; /* sample size in color table */
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 4, &bmpinfo.w ) );
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 4, &bmpinfo.h ) );
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 2, &bmpinfo.Planes ) );
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 2, &bmpinfo.bits ) );
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 4, &bmpinfo.comp ) );
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 4, &bmpinfo.ImageSize ) );
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 4, &bmpinfo.XpixelsPerM ) );
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 4, &bmpinfo.YpixelsPerM ) );
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 4, &bmpinfo.ncolors ) );
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 4, &bmpinfo.ColorsImportant ) );
+    }
+    else if( bmpinfo.InfoSize == 12 )
+    {
+        /* old OS/2 format */
+        bmpinfo.ctbits = 24; /* sample size in color table */
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 2, &bmpinfo.w ) );
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 2, &bmpinfo.h ) );
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 2, &bmpinfo.Planes ) );
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 2, &bmpinfo.bits ) );
+        bmpinfo.comp    = 0;
+        bmpinfo.ncolors = 0;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        goto format_error;
+    }
+
+    /* forward to color table (i.e., if bmpinfo.InfoSize == 64) */
+    TRY( bmp_forward( f, 14 + bmpinfo.InfoSize ) );
+
+    if( bmpinfo.Planes != 1 )
+    {
+        bm_read_error = "cannot handle bmp planes";
+        goto format_error; /* can't handle planes */
+    }
+
+    if( bmpinfo.ncolors == 0 )
+    {
+        bmpinfo.ncolors = 1 << bmpinfo.bits;
+    }
+
+    /* color table, present only if bmpinfo.bits <= 8. */
+    if( bmpinfo.bits <= 8 )
+    {
+        coltable = (int*) malloc( bmpinfo.ncolors * sizeof(int) );
+        if( !coltable )
+        {
+            goto std_error;
+        }
+
+        /* NOTE: since we are reading a bitmap, we can immediately convert
+         *  the color table entries to bits. */
+        for( i = 0; i<bmpinfo.ncolors; i++ )
+        {
+            TRY( bmp_readint( f, bmpinfo.ctbits / 8, &c ) );
+            c = ( (c >> 16) & 0xff ) + ( (c >> 8) & 0xff ) + (c & 0xff);
+            coltable[i] = (c > 3 * threshold * 255 ? 0 : 1);
+            if( i<2 )
+            {
+                col1[i] = c;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* forward to data */
+    if( bmpinfo.InfoSize != 12 ) /* not old OS/2 format */
+    {
+        TRY( bmp_forward( f, bmpinfo.DataOffset ) );
+    }
+
+    /* allocate bitmap */
+    bm = bm_new( bmpinfo.w, bmpinfo.h );
+    if( !bm )
+    {
+        goto std_error;
+    }
+
+    /* zero it out */
+    bm_clear( bm, 0 );
+
+    switch( bmpinfo.bits + 0x100 * bmpinfo.comp )
+    {
+    default:
+        goto format_error;
+        break;
+
+    case 0x001:                 /* monochrome palette */
+        if( col1[0] < col1[1] ) /* make the darker color black */
+        {
+            mask = 0xff;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            mask = 0;
+        }
+
+        /* raster data */
+        for( y = 0; y<bmpinfo.h; y++ )
+        {
+            bmp_pad_reset();
+            for( i = 0; 8 * i<bmpinfo.w; i++ )
+            {
+                TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &b ) );
+                b ^= mask;
+                *bm_index( bm, i * 8,
+                           y ) |= ( (potrace_word) b ) <<
+                                  ( 8 * ( BM_WORDSIZE - 1 - (i % BM_WORDSIZE) ) );
+            }
+
+            TRY( bmp_pad( f ) );
+        }
+
+        break;
+
+    case 0x002: /* 2-bit to 8-bit palettes */
+    case 0x003:
+    case 0x004:
+    case 0x005:
+    case 0x006:
+    case 0x007:
+    case 0x008:
+        for( y = 0; y<bmpinfo.h; y++ )
+        {
+            bmp_pad_reset();
+            bitbuf = 0; /* bit buffer: bits in buffer are high-aligned */
+            n = 0;      /* number of bits currently in bitbuffer */
+            for( x = 0; x<bmpinfo.w; x++ )
+            {
+                if( n < bmpinfo.bits )
+                {
+                    TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &b ) );
+                    bitbuf |= b << (INTBITS - 8 - n);
+                    n += 8;
+                }
+                b = bitbuf >> (INTBITS - bmpinfo.bits);
+                bitbuf <<= bmpinfo.bits;
+                n -= bmpinfo.bits;
+                BM_UPUT( bm, x, y, coltable[b] );
+            }
+
+            TRY( bmp_pad( f ) );
+        }
+
+        break;
+
+    case 0x010: /* 16-bit encoding */
+
+        /* can't do this format because it is not well-documented and I
+         *  don't have any samples */
+        bm_read_error = "cannot handle bmp 16-bit coding";
+        goto format_error;
+        break;
+
+    case 0x018: /* 24-bit encoding */
+    case 0x020: /* 32-bit encoding */
+        for( y = 0; y<bmpinfo.h; y++ )
+        {
+            bmp_pad_reset();
+            for( x = 0; x<bmpinfo.w; x++ )
+            {
+                TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, bmpinfo.bits / 8, &c ) );
+                c = ( (c >> 16) & 0xff ) + ( (c >> 8) & 0xff ) + (c & 0xff);
+                BM_UPUT( bm, x, y, c > 3 * threshold * 255 ? 0 : 1 );
+            }
+
+            TRY( bmp_pad( f ) );
+        }
+
+        break;
+
+    case 0x204: /* 4-bit runlength compressed encoding (RLE4) */
+        x = 0;
+        y = 0;
+        while( 1 )
+        {
+            TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &b ) ); /* opcode */
+            TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &c ) ); /* argument */
+            if( b>0 )
+            {
+                /* repeat count */
+                col[0] = coltable[(c >> 4) & 0xf];
+                col[1] = coltable[c & 0xf];
+                for( i = 0; i<b && x<bmpinfo.w; i++ )
+                {
+                    if( x>=bmpinfo.w )
+                    {
+                        x = 0;
+                        y++;
+                    }
+                    if( y>=bmpinfo.h )
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    BM_UPUT( bm, x, y, col[i & 1] );
+                    x++;
+                }
+            }
+            else if( c == 0 )
+            {
+                /* end of line */
+                y++;
+                x = 0;
+            }
+            else if( c == 1 )
+            {
+                /* end of bitmap */
+                break;
+            }
+            else if( c == 2 )
+            {
+                /* "delta": skip pixels in x and y directions */
+                TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &b ) ); /* x offset */
+                TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &c ) ); /* y offset */
+                x += b;
+                y += c;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                /* verbatim segment */
+                for( i = 0; i<c; i++ )
+                {
+                    if( (i & 1)==0 )
+                    {
+                        TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &b ) );
+                    }
+                    if( x>=bmpinfo.w )
+                    {
+                        x = 0;
+                        y++;
+                    }
+                    if( y>=bmpinfo.h )
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    BM_PUT( bm, x, y, coltable[( b >> ( 4 - 4 * (i & 1) ) ) & 0xf] );
+                    x++;
+                }
+
+                if( (c + 1) & 2 )
+                {
+                    /* pad to 16-bit boundary */
+                    TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &b ) );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        break;
+
+    case 0x108: /* 8-bit runlength compressed encoding (RLE8) */
+        x = 0;
+        y = 0;
+        while( 1 )
+        {
+            TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &b ) ); /* opcode */
+            TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &c ) ); /* argument */
+            if( b>0 )
+            {
+                /* repeat count */
+                for( i = 0; i<b; i++ )
+                {
+                    if( x>=bmpinfo.w )
+                    {
+                        x = 0;
+                        y++;
+                    }
+                    if( y>=bmpinfo.h )
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    BM_UPUT( bm, x, y, coltable[c] );
+                    x++;
+                }
+            }
+            else if( c == 0 )
+            {
+                /* end of line */
+                y++;
+                x = 0;
+            }
+            else if( c == 1 )
+            {
+                /* end of bitmap */
+                break;
+            }
+            else if( c == 2 )
+            {
+                /* "delta": skip pixels in x and y directions */
+                TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &b ) ); /* x offset */
+                TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &c ) ); /* y offset */
+                x += b;
+                y += c;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                /* verbatim segment */
+                for( i = 0; i<c; i++ )
+                {
+                    TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &b ) );
+                    if( x>=bmpinfo.w )
+                    {
+                        x = 0;
+                        y++;
+                    }
+                    if( y>=bmpinfo.h )
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    BM_PUT( bm, x, y, coltable[b] );
+                    x++;
+                }
+
+                if( c & 1 )
+                {
+                    /* pad input to 16-bit boundary */
+                    TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &b ) );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        break;
+    } /* switch */
+
+    /* skip any potential junk after the data section, but don't
+     *  complain in case EOF is encountered */
+    bmp_forward( f, bmpinfo.FileSize );
+
+    free( coltable );
+    *bmp = bm;
+    return 0;
+
+eof:
+    free( coltable );
+    *bmp = bm;
+    return 1;
+
+format_error:
+try_error:
+    free( coltable );
+    free( bm );
+    if( !bm_read_error )
+    {
+        bm_read_error = "invalid bmp file";
+    }
+    return -2;
+
+std_error:
+    free( coltable );
+    free( bm );
+    return -1;
+}
+
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* output pbm format */
+
+void bm_writepbm( FILE* f, potrace_bitmap_t* bm )
+{
+    int w, h, bpr, y, i, c;
+
+    w = bm->w;
+    h = bm->h;
+
+    bpr = (w + 7) / 8;
+
+    fprintf( f, "P4\n%d %d\n", w, h );
+    for( y = h - 1; y>=0; y-- )
+    {
+        for( i = 0; i<bpr; i++ )
+        {
+            c =
+                ( *bm_index( bm, i * 8,
+                             y ) >> ( 8 * ( BM_WORDSIZE - 1 - (i % BM_WORDSIZE) ) ) ) & 0xff;
+            fputc( c, f );
+        }
+    }
+
+    return;
+}
+
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* output - for primitive debugging purposes only! */
+
+/* print bitmap to screen */
+int bm_print( FILE* f, potrace_bitmap_t* bm )
+{
+    int x, y;
+    int xx, yy;
+    int d;
+    int sw, sh;
+
+    sw = bm->w < 79 ? bm->w : 79;
+    sh = bm->w < 79 ? bm->h : bm->h * sw * 44 / (79 * bm->w);
+
+    for( yy = sh - 1; yy>=0; yy-- )
+    {
+        for( xx = 0; xx<sw; xx++ )
+        {
+            d = 0;
+            for( x = xx * bm->w / sw; x<(xx + 1) * bm->w / sw; x++ )
+            {
+                for( y = yy * bm->h / sh; y<(yy + 1) * bm->h / sh; y++ )
+                {
+                    if( BM_GET( bm, x, y ) )
+                    {
+                        d++;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            fputc( d ? '*' : ' ', f );
+        }
+
+        fputc( '\n', f );
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}

potrace/bitmap_io.h

+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Peter Selinger.
+ *  This file is part of Potrace. It is free software and it is covered
+ *  by the GNU General Public License. See the file COPYING for details. */
+
+/* $Id: bitmap_io.h 147 2007-04-09 00:44:09Z selinger $ */
+/* bitmap input/output functions */
+
+#ifndef BITMAP_IO_H
+#define BITMAP_IO_H
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include "bitmap.h"
+
+/* Note that bitmaps are stored bottom to top, i.e., the first
+ *  scanline is the bottom-most one */
+
+extern char* bm_read_error;
+
+int  bm_read( FILE* f, double blacklevel, potrace_bitmap_t** bmp );
+void bm_writepbm( FILE* f, potrace_bitmap_t* bm );
+int  bm_print( FILE* f, potrace_bitmap_t* bm );
+
+#endif /* BITMAP_IO_H */

potrace/bitops.h

+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Peter Selinger.
+   This file is part of Potrace. It is free software and it is covered
+   by the GNU General Public License. See the file COPYING for details. */
+
+/* $Id: bitops.h 147 2007-04-09 00:44:09Z selinger $ */
+
+/* bits.h: this file defines some macros for bit manipulations. We
+   provide a generic implementation */
+
+/* lobit: return the position of the rightmost "1" bit of an int, or
+   32 if none. hibit: return 1 + the position of the leftmost "1" bit
+   of an int, or 0 if none. Note: these functions work on 32-bit
+   integers. */
+
+#ifndef BITOPS_H
+#define BITOPS_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#include "config.h"
+#endif
+
+/* generic macros */
+
+static inline unsigned int lobit(unsigned int x) {
+  unsigned int res = 32;
+  while (x & 0xffffff) {
+    x <<= 8;
+    res -= 8;
+  }
+  while (x) {
+    x <<= 1;
+    res -= 1;
+  }
+  return res;
+}
+
+static inline unsigned int hibit(unsigned int x) {
+  unsigned int res = 0;
+  while (x > 0xff) {
+    x >>= 8;
+    res += 8;
+  }
+  while (x) {
+    x >>= 1;
+    res += 1;
+  }
+  return res;
+}
+
+#endif /* BITOPS_H */

potrace/curve.cpp

+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Peter Selinger.
+ *  This file is part of Potrace. It is free software and it is covered
+ *  by the GNU General Public License. See the file COPYING for details. */
+
+/* $Id: curve.c 147 2007-04-09 00:44:09Z selinger $ */
+/* private part of the path and curve data structures */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "potracelib.h"
+#include "lists.h"
+#include "curve.h"
+
+#define SAFE_MALLOC( var, n, typ ) \
+    if( ( var = (typ*) malloc( (n)* sizeof(typ) ) ) == NULL ) \
+             goto malloc_error
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* allocate and free path objects */
+
+path_t* path_new( void )
+{
+    path_t*     p    = NULL;
+    privpath_t* priv = NULL;
+
+    SAFE_MALLOC( p, 1, path_t );
+    memset( p, 0, sizeof(path_t) );
+    SAFE_MALLOC( priv, 1, privpath_t );
+    memset( priv, 0, sizeof(privpath_t) );
+    p->priv = priv;
+    return p;
+
+malloc_error:
+    free( p );
+    free( priv );
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+/* free the members of the given curve structure. Leave errno unchanged. */
+static void privcurve_free_members( privcurve_t* curve )
+{
+    free( curve->tag );
+    free( curve->c );
+    free( curve->vertex );
+    free( curve->alpha );
+    free( curve->alpha0 );
+    free( curve->beta );
+}
+
+
+/* free a path. Leave errno untouched. */
+void path_free( path_t* p )
+{
+    if( p )
+    {
+        if( p->priv )
+        {
+            free( p->priv->pt );
+            free( p->priv->lon );
+            free( p->priv->sums );
+            free( p->priv->po );
+            privcurve_free_members( &p->priv->curve );
+            privcurve_free_members( &p->priv->ocurve );
+        }
+        free( p->priv );
+        /* do not free p->fcurve ! */
+    }
+    free( p );
+}
+
+
+/* free a pathlist, leaving errno untouched. */
+void pathlist_free( path_t* plist )
+{
+    path_t* p;
+
+    list_forall_unlink( p, plist ) {
+        path_free( p );
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* initialize and finalize curve structures */
+
+typedef dpoint_t dpoint3_t[3];
+
+/* initialize the members of the given curve structure to size m.
+ *  Return 0 on success, 1 on error with errno set. */
+int privcurve_init( privcurve_t* curve, int n )
+{
+    memset( curve, 0, sizeof(privcurve_t) );
+    curve->n = n;
+    SAFE_MALLOC( curve->tag, n, int );
+    SAFE_MALLOC( curve->c, n, dpoint3_t );
+    SAFE_MALLOC( curve->vertex, n, dpoint_t );
+    SAFE_MALLOC( curve->alpha, n, double );
+    SAFE_MALLOC( curve->alpha0, n, double );
+    SAFE_MALLOC( curve->beta, n, double );
+    return 0;
+
+malloc_error:
+    free( curve->tag );
+    free( curve->c );
+    free( curve->vertex );
+    free( curve->alpha );
+    free( curve->alpha0 );
+    free( curve->beta );
+    return 1;
+}
+
+
+/* copy private to public curve structure */
+void privcurve_to_curve( privcurve_t* pc, potrace_curve_t* c )
+{
+    c->n   = pc->n;
+    c->tag = pc->tag;
+    c->c   = pc->c;
+}

potrace/curve.h

+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Peter Selinger.
+ *  This file is part of Potrace. It is free software and it is covered
+ *  by the GNU General Public License. See the file COPYING for details. */
+
+#ifndef CURVE_H
+#define CURVE_H
+
+#include "auxiliary.h"
+
+/* vertex is c[1] for tag=POTRACE_CORNER, and the intersection of
+ *  .c[-1][2]..c[0] and c[1]..c[2] for tag=POTRACE_CURVETO. alpha is only
+ *  defined for tag=POTRACE_CURVETO and is the alpha parameter of the curve:
+ *  .c[-1][2]..c[0] = alpha*(.c[-1][2]..vertex), and
+ *  c[2]..c[1] = alpha*(c[2]..vertex).
+ *  Beta is so that (.beta[i])[.vertex[i],.vertex[i+1]] = .c[i][2].
+ */
+
+struct privcurve_s
+{
+    int  n;         /* number of segments */
+    int* tag;       /* tag[n]: POTRACE_CORNER or POTRACE_CURVETO */
+         dpoint_t( * c )[3]; /* c[n][i]: control points.
+                     *  c[n][0] is unused for tag[n]=POTRACE_CORNER */
+
+    /* the remainder of this structure is special to privcurve, and is
+     *  used in EPS debug output and special EPS "short coding". These
+     *  fields are valid only if "alphacurve" is set. */
+    int       alphacurve;   /* have the following fields been initialized? */
+    dpoint_t* vertex;       /* for POTRACE_CORNER, this equals c[1] */
+    double*   alpha;        /* only for POTRACE_CURVETO */
+    double*   alpha0;       /* "uncropped" alpha parameter - for debug output only */
+    double*   beta;
+};
+typedef struct privcurve_s privcurve_t;
+
+struct sums_s
+{
+    double x;
+    double y;
+    double x2;
+    double xy;
+    double y2;
+};
+typedef struct sums_s sums_t;
+
+/* the path structure is filled in with information about a given path
+ *  as it is accumulated and passed through the different stages of the
+ *  Potrace algorithm. Backends only need to read the fcurve and fm
+ *  fields of this data structure, but debugging backends may read
+ *  other fields. */
+struct potrace_privpath_s
+{
+    int      len;
+    point_t* pt;            /* pt[len]: path as extracted from bitmap */
+    int*     lon;           /* lon[len]: (i,lon[i]) = longest straight line from i */
+
+    int     x0, y0;         /* origin for sums */
+    sums_t* sums;           /* sums[len+1]: cache for fast summing */
+
+    int  m;                 /* length of optimal polygon */
+    int* po;                /* po[m]: optimal polygon */
+
+    privcurve_t  curve;     /* curve[m]: array of curve elements */
+    privcurve_t  ocurve;    /* ocurve[om]: array of curve elements */
+    privcurve_t* fcurve; /* final curve: this points to either curve or
+                         *  ocurve. Do not free this separately. */
+};
+typedef struct potrace_privpath_s potrace_privpath_t;
+
+/* shorter names */
+typedef potrace_privpath_t privpath_t;
+typedef potrace_path_t     path_t;
+
+path_t* path_new( void );
+void    path_free( path_t* p );
+void    pathlist_free( path_t* plist );
+int     privcurve_init( privcurve_t* curve, int n );
+void    privcurve_to_curve( privcurve_t* pc, potrace_curve_t* c );
+
+#endif /* CURVE_H */

potrace/decompose.cpp

+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Peter Selinger.
+ *  This file is part of Potrace. It is free software and it is covered
+ *  by the GNU General Public License. See the file COPYING for details. */
+
+/* $Id: decompose.c 146 2007-04-09 00:43:46Z selinger $ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include "potracelib.h"
+#include "curve.h"
+#include "lists.h"
+#include "auxiliary.h"
+#include "bitmap.h"
+#include "decompose.h"
+#include "progress.h"
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* auxiliary bitmap manipulations */
+
+/* set the excess padding to 0 */
+static void bm_clearexcess( potrace_bitmap_t* bm )
+{
+    potrace_word mask;
+    int          y;
+
+    if( bm->w % BM_WORDBITS != 0 )
+    {
+        mask = BM_ALLBITS << ( BM_WORDBITS - (bm->w % BM_WORDBITS) );
+        for( y = 0; y<bm->h; y++ )
+        {
+            *bm_index( bm, bm->w, y ) &= mask;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+struct bbox_s
+{
+    int x0, x1, y0, y1;  /* bounding box */
+};
+typedef struct bbox_s bbox_t;
+
+/* clear the bm, assuming the bounding box is set correctly (faster
+ *  than clearing the whole bitmap) */
+static void clear_bm_with_bbox( potrace_bitmap_t* bm, bbox_t* bbox )
+{
+    int imin = (bbox->x0 / BM_WORDBITS);
+    int imax = ( (bbox->x1 + BM_WORDBITS - 1) / BM_WORDBITS );
+    int i, y;
+
+    for( y = bbox->y0; y<bbox->y1; y++ )
+    {
+        for( i = imin; i<imax; i++ )
+        {
+            bm_scanline( bm, y )[i] = 0;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* auxiliary functions */
+
+/* deterministically and efficiently hash (x,y) into a pseudo-random bit */
+static inline int detrand( int x, int y )
+{
+    unsigned int z;
+    static const unsigned char t[256] =
+    {
+        /* non-linear sequence: constant term of inverse in GF(8),
+         *  mod x^8+x^4+x^3+x+1 */
+        0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1,
+        0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+        1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1,
+        0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0,
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+        0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1,
+        1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0,
+        0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1,
+        1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0,
+    };
+
+    /* 0x04b3e375 and 0x05a8ef93 are chosen to contain every possible
+     *  5-bit sequence */
+    z = ( (0x04b3e375 * x) ^ y ) * 0x05a8ef93;
+    z = t[z & 0xff] ^ t[(z >> 8) & 0xff] ^ t[(z >> 16) & 0xff] ^ t[(z >> 24) & 0xff];
+    return z & 1;
+}
+
+
+/* return the "majority" value of bitmap bm at intersection (x,y). We
+ *  assume that the bitmap is balanced at "radius" 1.  */
+static int majority( potrace_bitmap_t* bm, int x, int y )
+{
+    int i, a, ct;
+
+    for( i = 2; i<5; i++ ) /* check at "radius" i */
+    {
+        ct = 0;
+        for( a = -i + 1; a<=i - 1; a++ )
+        {
+            ct += BM_GET( bm, x + a, y + i - 1 ) ? 1 : -1;
+            ct += BM_GET( bm, x + i - 1, y + a - 1 ) ? 1 : -1;
+            ct += BM_GET( bm, x + a - 1, y - i ) ? 1 : -1;
+            ct += BM_GET( bm, x - i, y + a ) ? 1 : -1;
+        }
+
+        if( ct>0 )
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        else if( ct<0 )
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* decompose image into paths */
+
+/* efficiently invert bits [x,infty) and [xa,infty) in line y. Here xa
+ *  must be a multiple of BM_WORDBITS. */
+static void xor_to_ref( potrace_bitmap_t* bm, int x, int y, int xa )
+{
+    int xhi = x & - BM_WORDBITS;
+    int xlo = x & (BM_WORDBITS - 1); /* = x % BM_WORDBITS */
+    int i;
+
+    if( xhi<xa )
+    {
+        for( i = xhi; i < xa; i += BM_WORDBITS )
+        {
+            *bm_index( bm, i, y ) ^= BM_ALLBITS;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        for( i = xa; i < xhi; i += BM_WORDBITS )
+        {
+            *bm_index( bm, i, y ) ^= BM_ALLBITS;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* note: the following "if" is needed because x86 treats a<<b as
+     *  a<<(b&31). I spent hours looking for this bug. */
+    if( xlo )
+    {
+        *bm_index( bm, xhi, y ) ^= ( BM_ALLBITS << (BM_WORDBITS - xlo) );
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* a path is represented as an array of points, which are thought to
+ *  lie on the corners of pixels (not on their centers). The path point
+ *  (x,y) is the lower left corner of the pixel (x,y). Paths are
+ *  represented by the len/pt components of a path_t object (which
+ *  also stores other information about the path) */
+
+/* xor the given pixmap with the interior of the given path. Note: the
+ *  path must be within the dimensions of the pixmap. */
+static void xor_path( potrace_bitmap_t* bm, path_t* p )
+{
+    int xa, x, y, k, y1;
+
+    if( p->priv->len <= 0 ) /* a path of length 0 is silly, but legal */
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    y1 = p->priv->pt[p->priv->len - 1].y;
+
+    xa = p->priv->pt[0].x & - BM_WORDBITS;
+    for( k = 0; k<p->priv->len; k++ )
+    {
+        x = p->priv->pt[k].x;
+        y = p->priv->pt[k].y;
+
+        if( y != y1 )
+        {
+            /* efficiently invert the rectangle [x,xa] x [y,y1] */
+            xor_to_ref( bm, x, min( y, y1 ), xa );
+            y1 = y;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* Find the bounding box of a given path. Path is assumed to be of
+ *  non-zero length. */
+static void setbbox_path( bbox_t* bbox, path_t* p )
+{
+    int x, y;
+    int k;
+
+    bbox->y0 = INT_MAX;
+    bbox->y1 = 0;
+    bbox->x0 = INT_MAX;
+    bbox->x1 = 0;
+
+    for( k = 0; k<p->priv->len; k++ )
+    {
+        x = p->priv->pt[k].x;
+        y = p->priv->pt[k].y;
+
+        if( x < bbox->x0 )
+        {
+            bbox->x0 = x;
+        }
+        if( x > bbox->x1 )
+        {
+            bbox->x1 = x;
+        }
+        if( y < bbox->y0 )
+        {
+            bbox->y0 = y;
+        }
+        if( y > bbox->y1 )
+        {
+            bbox->y1 = y;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* compute a path in the given pixmap, separating black from white.
+ *  Start path at the point (x0,x1), which must be an upper left corner
+ *  of the path. Also compute the area enclosed by the path. Return a
+ *  new path_t object, or NULL on error (note that a legitimate path
+ *  cannot have length 0). Sign is required for correct interpretation
+ *  of turnpolicies. */
+static path_t* findpath( potrace_bitmap_t* bm, int x0, int y0, int sign, int turnpolicy )
+{
+    int      x, y, dirx, diry, len, size, area;
+    int      c, d, tmp;
+    point_t* pt, * pt1;
+    path_t*  p = NULL;
+
+    x    = x0;
+    y    = y0;
+    dirx = 0;
+    diry = -1;
+
+    len  = size = 0;
+    pt   = NULL;
+    area = 0;
+
+    while( 1 )
+    {
+        /* add point to path */
+        if( len>=size )
+        {
+            size += 100;
+            size  = (int) ( 1.3 * size );
+            pt1   = (point_t*) realloc( pt, size * sizeof(point_t) );
+            if( !pt1 )
+            {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            pt = pt1;
+        }
+        pt[len].x = x;
+        pt[len].y = y;
+        len++;
+
+        /* move to next point */
+        x    += dirx;
+        y    += diry;
+        area += x * diry;
+
+        /* path complete? */
+        if( x==x0 && y==y0 )
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /* determine next direction */
+        c = BM_GET( bm, x + (dirx + diry - 1) / 2, y + (diry - dirx - 1) / 2 );
+        d = BM_GET( bm, x + (dirx - diry - 1) / 2, y + (diry + dirx - 1) / 2 );
+
+        if( c && !d )            /* ambiguous turn */
+        {
+            if( turnpolicy == POTRACE_TURNPOLICY_RIGHT
+               || (turnpolicy == POTRACE_TURNPOLICY_BLACK && sign == '+')
+               || (turnpolicy == POTRACE_TURNPOLICY_WHITE && sign == '-')
+               || ( turnpolicy == POTRACE_TURNPOLICY_RANDOM && detrand( x, y ) )
+               || ( turnpolicy == POTRACE_TURNPOLICY_MAJORITY && majority( bm, x, y ) )
+               || ( turnpolicy == POTRACE_TURNPOLICY_MINORITY && !majority( bm, x, y ) ) )
+            {
+                tmp  = dirx; /* right turn */
+                dirx = diry;
+                diry = -tmp;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                tmp  = dirx; /* left turn */
+                dirx = -diry;
+                diry = tmp;
+            }
+        }
+        else if( c )             /* right turn */
+        {
+            tmp  = dirx;
+            dirx = diry;
+            diry = -tmp;
+        }
+        else if( !d )            /* left turn */
+        {
+            tmp  = dirx;
+            dirx = -diry;
+            diry = tmp;
+        }
+    } /* while this path */
+
+    /* allocate new path object */
+    p = path_new();
+    if( !p )
+    {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    p->priv->pt  = pt;
+    p->priv->len = len;
+    p->area = area;
+    p->sign = sign;
+
+    return p;
+
+error:
+    free( pt );
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+/* Give a tree structure to the given path list, based on "insideness"
+ *  testing. I.e., path A is considered "below" path B if it is inside
+ *  path B. The input pathlist is assumed to be ordered so that "outer"
+ *  paths occur before "inner" paths. The tree structure is stored in
+ *  the "childlist" and "sibling" components of the path_t
+ *  structure. The linked list structure is also changed so that
+ *  negative path components are listed immediately after their
+ *  positive parent.  Note: some backends may ignore the tree
+ *  structure, others may use it e.g. to group path components. We
+ *  assume that in the input, point 0 of each path is an "upper left"
+ *  corner of the path, as returned by bm_to_pathlist. This makes it
+ *  easy to find an "interior" point. The bm argument should be a
+ *  bitmap of the correct size (large enough to hold all the paths),
+ *  and will be used as scratch space. Return 0 on success or -1 on
+ *  error with errno set. */
+
+static void pathlist_to_tree( path_t* plist, potrace_bitmap_t* bm )
+{
+    path_t*  p, * p1;
+    path_t*  heap, * heap1;
+    path_t*  cur;
+    path_t*  head;
+    path_t** hook, ** hook_in, ** hook_out; /* for fast appending to linked list */
+    bbox_t   bbox;
+
+    bm_clear( bm, 0 );
+
+    /* save original "next" pointers */
+    list_forall( p, plist ) {
+        p->sibling   = p->next;
+        p->childlist = NULL;
+    }
+
+    heap = plist;
+
+    /* the heap holds a list of lists of paths. Use "childlist" field
+     *  for outer list, "next" field for inner list. Each of the sublists
+     *  is to be turned into a tree. This code is messy, but it is
+     *  actually fast. Each path is rendered exactly once. We use the
+     *  heap to get a tail recursive algorithm: the heap holds a list of
+     *  pathlists which still need to be transformed. */
+
+    while( heap )
+    {
+        /* unlink first sublist */
+        cur  = heap;
+        heap = heap->childlist;
+        cur->childlist = NULL;
+
+        /* unlink first path */
+        head = cur;
+        cur  = cur->next;
+        head->next = NULL;
+
+        /* render path */
+        xor_path( bm, head );
+        setbbox_path( &bbox, head );
+
+        /* now do insideness test for each element of cur; append it to
+         *  head->childlist if it's inside head, else append it to
+         *  head->next. */
+        hook_in  = &head->childlist;
+        hook_out = &head->next;
+        list_forall_unlink( p, cur ) {
+            if( p->priv->pt[0].y <= bbox.y0 )
+            {
+                list_insert_beforehook( p, hook_out );
+                /* append the remainder of the list to hook_out */
+                *hook_out = cur;
+                break;
+            }
+            if( BM_GET( bm, p->priv->pt[0].x, p->priv->pt[0].y - 1 ) )
+            {
+                list_insert_beforehook( p, hook_in );
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                list_insert_beforehook( p, hook_out );
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* clear bm */
+        clear_bm_with_bbox( bm, &bbox );
+
+        /* now schedule head->childlist and head->next for further
+         *  processing */
+        if( head->next )
+        {
+            head->next->childlist = heap;
+            heap = head->next;
+        }
+        if( head->childlist )
+        {
+            head->childlist->childlist = heap;
+            heap = head->childlist;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* copy sibling structure from "next" to "sibling" component */
+    p = plist;
+    while( p )
+    {
+        p1 = p->sibling;
+        p->sibling = p->next;
+        p = p1;
+    }
+
+    /* reconstruct a new linked list ("next") structure from tree
+     *  ("childlist", "sibling") structure. This code is slightly messy,
+     *  because we use a heap to make it tail recursive: the heap
+     *  contains a list of childlists which still need to be
+     *  processed. */
+    heap = plist;
+    if( heap )
+    {
+        heap->next = NULL; /* heap is a linked list of childlists */
+    }
+    plist = NULL;
+    hook  = &plist;
+    while( heap )
+    {
+        heap1 = heap->next;
+        for( p = heap; p; p = p->sibling )
+        {
+            /* p is a positive path */
+            /* append to linked list */
+            list_insert_beforehook( p, hook );
+
+            /* go through its children */
+            for( p1 = p->childlist; p1; p1 = p1->sibling )
+            {
+                /* append to linked list */
+                list_insert_beforehook( p1, hook );
+                /* append its childlist to heap, if non-empty */
+                if( p1->childlist )
+                {
+                    list_append( path_t, heap1, p1->childlist );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        heap = heap1;
+    }
+
+    return;
+}
+
+
+/* find the next set pixel in a row <= y. Pixels are searched first
+ *  left-to-right, then top-down. In other words, (x,y)<(x',y') if y>y'
+ *  or y=y' and x<x'. If found, return 0 and store pixel in
+ *  (*xp,*yp). Else return 1. Note that this function assumes that
+ *  excess bytes have been cleared with bm_clearexcess. */
+static int findnext( potrace_bitmap_t* bm, int* xp, int* yp )
+{
+    int x;
+    int y;
+
+    for( y = *yp; y>=0; y-- )
+    {
+        for( x = 0; x<bm->w; x += BM_WORDBITS )
+        {
+            if( *bm_index( bm, x, y ) )
+            {
+                while( !BM_GET( bm, x, y ) )
+                {
+                    x++;
+                }
+
+                /* found */
+                *xp = x;
+                *yp = y;
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* not found */
+    return 1;
+}
+
+
+/* Decompose the given bitmap into paths. Returns a linked list of
+ *  path_t objects with the fields len, pt, area, sign filled
+ *  in. Returns 0 on success with plistp set, or -1 on error with errno
+ *  set. */
+
+int bm_to_pathlist( const potrace_bitmap_t* bm,
+                    path_t**                plistp,
+                    const potrace_param_t*  param,
+                    progress_t*             progress )
+{
+    int x;
+    int y;
+    path_t*           p;
+    path_t*           plist = NULL;     /* linked list of path objects */
+    path_t**          hook  = &plist;   /* used to speed up appending to linked list */
+    potrace_bitmap_t* bm1   = NULL;
+    int               sign;
+
+    bm1 = bm_dup( bm );
+    if( !bm1 )
+    {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    /* be sure the byte padding on the right is set to 0, as the fast
+     *  pixel search below relies on it */
+    bm_clearexcess( bm1 );
+
+    /* iterate through components */
+    y = bm1->h - 1;
+    while( findnext( bm1, &x, &y ) == 0 )
+    {
+        /* calculate the sign by looking at the original */
+        sign = BM_GET( bm, x, y ) ? '+' : '-';
+
+        /* calculate the path */
+        p = findpath( bm1, x, y + 1, sign, param->turnpolicy );
+        if( p==NULL )
+        {
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        /* update buffered image */
+        xor_path( bm1, p );
+
+        /* if it's a turd, eliminate it, else append it to the list */
+        if( p->area <= param->turdsize )
+        {
+            path_free( p );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            list_insert_beforehook( p, hook );
+        }
+
+        if( bm1->h > 0 ) /* to be sure */
+        {
+            progress_update( 1 - y / (double) bm1->h, progress );
+        }
+    }
+
+    pathlist_to_tree( plist, bm1 );
+    bm_free( bm1 );
+    *plistp = plist;
+
+    progress_update( 1.0, progress );
+
+    return 0;
+
+error:
+    bm_free( bm1 );
+    list_forall_unlink( p, plist ) {
+        path_free( p );
+    }
+    return -1;
+}

potrace/decompose.h

+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Peter Selinger.
+ *  This file is part of Potrace. It is free software and it is covered
+ *  by the GNU General Public License. See the file COPYING for details. */
+
+/* $Id: decompose.h 147 2007-04-09 00:44:09Z selinger $ */
+
+#ifndef DECOMPOSE_H
+#define DECOMPOSE_H
+
+#include "potracelib.h"
+#include "progress.h"
+
+int bm_to_pathlist( const potrace_bitmap_t* bm,
+                    path_t**                plistp,
+                    const potrace_param_t*  param,
+                    progress_t*             progress );
+
+#endif /* DECOMPOSE_H */

potrace/greymap.cpp

+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Peter Selinger.
+ *  This file is part of Potrace. It is free software and it is covered
+ *  by the GNU General Public License. See the file COPYING for details. */
+
+/* $Id: greymap.c 147 2007-04-09 00:44:09Z selinger $ */
+
+/* Routines for manipulating greymaps, including reading pgm files. We
+ *  only deal with greymaps of depth 8 bits. */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+#include "greymap.h"
+
+#define INTBITS ( 8 * sizeof(int) )
+
+#define mod( a, n ) ( (a)>=(n) ? (a) % (n) : (a)>=0 ? (a) : (n) - 1 - ( -1 - (a) ) % (n) )
+
+static int gm_readbody_pnm( FILE* f, greymap_t** gmp, int magic );
+static int gm_readbody_bmp( FILE* f, greymap_t** gmp );
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* basic greymap routines */
+
+/* return new un-initialized greymap. NULL with errno on error */
+
+greymap_t* gm_new( int w, int h )
+{
+    greymap_t* gm;
+    int        errno_save;
+
+    gm = (greymap_t*) malloc( sizeof(greymap_t) );
+    if( !gm )
+    {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    gm->w   = w;
+    gm->h   = h;
+    gm->map = (signed short int*) malloc( w * h * sizeof(signed short int) );
+    if( !gm->map )
+    {
+        errno_save = errno;
+        free( gm );
+        errno = errno_save;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return gm;
+}
+
+
+/* free the given greymap */
+void gm_free( greymap_t* gm )
+{
+    if( gm )
+    {
+        free( gm->map );
+    }
+    free( gm );
+}
+
+
+/* duplicate the given greymap. Return NULL on error with errno set. */
+greymap_t* gm_dup( greymap_t* gm )
+{
+    greymap_t* gm1 = gm_new( gm->w, gm->h );
+
+    if( !gm1 )
+    {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    memcpy( gm1->map, gm->map, gm->w * gm->h * 2 );
+    return gm1;
+}
+
+
+/* clear the given greymap to color b. */
+void gm_clear( greymap_t* gm, int b )
+{
+    int i;
+
+    if( b==0 )
+    {
+        memset( gm->map, 0, gm->w * gm->h * 2 );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        for( i = 0; i<gm->w * gm->h; i++ )
+        {
+            gm->map[i] = b;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* routines for reading pnm streams */
+
+/* read next character after whitespace and comments. Return EOF on
+ *  end of file or error. */
+static int fgetc_ws( FILE* f )
+{
+    int c;
+
+    while( 1 )
+    {
+        c = fgetc( f );
+        if( c=='#' )
+        {
+            while( 1 )
+            {
+                c = fgetc( f );
+                if( c=='\n' || c==EOF )
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        /* space, tab, line feed, carriage return, form-feed */
+        if( c!=' ' && c!='\t' && c!='\r' && c!='\n' && c!=12 )
+        {
+            return c;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* skip whitespace and comments, then read a non-negative decimal
+ *  number from a stream. Return -1 on EOF. Tolerate other errors (skip
+ *  bad characters). Do not the read any characters following the
+ *  number (put next character back into the stream) */
+
+static int readnum( FILE* f )
+{
+    int c;
+    int acc;
+
+    /* skip whitespace and comments */
+    while( 1 )
+    {
+        c = fgetc_ws( f );
+        if( c==EOF )
+        {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if( c>='0' && c<='9' )
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* first digit is already in c */
+    acc = c - '0';
+    while( 1 )
+    {
+        c = fgetc( f );
+        if( c==EOF )
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+        if( c<'0' || c>'9' )
+        {
+            ungetc( c, f );
+            break;
+        }
+        acc *= 10;
+        acc += c - '0';
+    }
+
+    return acc;
+}
+
+
+/* similar to readnum, but read only a single 0 or 1, and do not read
+ *  any characters after it. */
+
+static int readbit( FILE* f )
+{
+    int c;
+
+    /* skip whitespace and comments */
+    while( 1 )
+    {
+        c = fgetc_ws( f );
+        if( c==EOF )
+        {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if( c>='0' && c<='1' )
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return c - '0';
+}
+
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* read a PNM stream: P1-P6 format (see pnm(5)), or a BMP stream, and
+ *  convert the output to a greymap. Return greymap in *gmp. Return 0
+ *  on success, -1 on error with errno set, -2 on bad file format (with
+ *  error message in gm_read_error), and 1 on premature end of file, -3
+ *  on empty file (including files with only whitespace and comments),
+ *  -4 if wrong magic number. If the return value is >=0, *gmp is
+ *  valid. */
+
+const char* gm_read_error = NULL;
+
+int gm_read( FILE* f, greymap_t** gmp )
+{
+    int magic[2];
+
+    /* read magic number. We ignore whitespace and comments before the
+     *  magic, for the benefit of concatenated files in P1-P3 format.
+     *  Multiple P1-P3 images in a single file are not formally allowed
+     *  by the PNM standard, but there is no harm in being lenient. */
+
+    magic[0] = fgetc_ws( f );
+    if( magic[0] == EOF )
+    {
+        /* files which contain only comments and whitespace count as "empty" */
+        return -3;
+    }
+    magic[1] = fgetc( f );
+    if( magic[0] == 'P' && magic[1] >= '1' && magic[1] <= '6' )
+    {
+        return gm_readbody_pnm( f, gmp, magic[1] );
+    }
+    if( magic[0] == 'B' && magic[1] == 'M' )
+    {
+        return gm_readbody_bmp( f, gmp );
+    }
+    return -4;
+}
+
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* read PNM format */
+
+/* read PNM stream after magic number. Return values as for gm_read */
+static int gm_readbody_pnm( FILE* f, greymap_t** gmp, int magic )
+{
+    greymap_t* gm;
+    int        x, y, i, j, b, b1, sum;
+    int        bpr; /* bytes per row (as opposed to 4*gm->c) */
+    int        w, h, max;
+
+    gm = NULL;
+
+    w = readnum( f );
+    if( w<0 )
+    {
+        goto format_error;
+    }
+
+    h = readnum( f );
+    if( h<0 )
+    {
+        goto format_error;
+    }
+
+    /* allocate greymap */
+    gm = gm_new( w, h );
+    if( !gm )
+    {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /* zero it out */
+    gm_clear( gm, 0 );
+
+    switch( magic )
+    {
+    default:
+        /* not reached */
+        goto format_error;
+
+    case '1':
+        /* read P1 format: PBM ascii */
+
+        for( y = h - 1; y>=0; y-- )
+        {
+            for( x = 0; x<w; x++ )
+            {
+                b = readbit( f );
+                if( b<0 )
+                {
+                    goto eof;
+                }
+                GM_UPUT( gm, x, y, b ? 0 : 255 );
+            }
+        }
+
+        break;
+
+    case '2':
+        /* read P2 format: PGM ascii */
+
+        max = readnum( f );
+        if( max<1 )
+        {
+            goto format_error;
+        }
+
+        for( y = h - 1; y>=0; y-- )
+        {
+            for( x = 0; x<w; x++ )
+            {
+                b = readnum( f );
+                if( b<0 )
+                {
+                    goto eof;
+                }
+                GM_UPUT( gm, x, y, b * 255 / max );
+            }
+        }
+
+        break;
+
+    case '3':
+        /* read P3 format: PPM ascii */
+
+        max = readnum( f );
+        if( max<1 )
+        {
+            goto format_error;
+        }
+
+        for( y = h - 1; y>=0; y-- )
+        {
+            for( x = 0; x<w; x++ )
+            {
+                sum = 0;
+                for( i = 0; i<3; i++ )
+                {
+                    b = readnum( f );
+                    if( b<0 )
+                    {
+                        goto eof;
+                    }
+                    sum += b;
+                }
+
+                GM_UPUT( gm, x, y, sum * (255 / 3) / max );
+            }
+        }
+
+        break;
+
+    case '4':
+        /* read P4 format: PBM raw */
+
+        b = fgetc( f ); /* read single white-space character after height */
+        if( b==EOF )
+        {
+            goto format_error;
+        }
+
+        bpr = (w + 7) / 8;
+
+        for( y = h - 1; y>=0; y-- )
+        {
+            for( i = 0; i<bpr; i++ )
+            {
+                b = fgetc( f );
+                if( b==EOF )
+                {
+                    goto eof;
+                }
+                for( j = 0; j<8; j++ )
+                {
+                    GM_PUT( gm, i * 8 + j, y, b & (0x80 >> j) ? 0 : 255 );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        break;
+
+    case '5':
+        /* read P5 format: PGM raw */
+
+        max = readnum( f );
+        if( max<1 )
+        {
+            goto format_error;
+        }
+
+        b = fgetc( f ); /* read single white-space character after max */
+        if( b==EOF )
+        {
+            goto format_error;
+        }
+
+        for( y = h - 1; y>=0; y-- )
+        {
+            for( x = 0; x<w; x++ )
+            {
+                b = fgetc( f );
+                if( b==EOF )
+                    goto eof;
+                if( max>=256 )
+                {
+                    b <<= 8;
+                    b1  = fgetc( f );
+                    if( b1==EOF )
+                        goto eof;
+                    b |= b1;
+                }
+                GM_UPUT( gm, x, y, b * 255 / max );
+            }
+        }
+
+        break;
+
+    case '6':
+        /* read P6 format: PPM raw */
+
+        max = readnum( f );
+        if( max<1 )
+        {
+            goto format_error;
+        }
+
+        b = fgetc( f ); /* read single white-space character after max */
+        if( b==EOF )
+        {
+            goto format_error;
+        }
+
+        for( y = h - 1; y>=0; y-- )
+        {
+            for( x = 0; x<w; x++ )
+            {
+                sum = 0;
+                for( i = 0; i<3; i++ )
+                {
+                    b = fgetc( f );
+                    if( b==EOF )
+                    {
+                        goto eof;
+                    }
+                    if( max>=256 )
+                    {
+                        b <<= 8;
+                        b1  = fgetc( f );
+                        if( b1==EOF )
+                            goto eof;
+                        b |= b1;
+                    }
+                    sum += b;
+                }
+
+                GM_UPUT( gm, x, y, sum * (255 / 3) / max );
+            }
+        }
+
+        break;
+    }
+
+    *gmp = gm;
+    return 0;
+
+eof:
+    *gmp = gm;
+    return 1;
+
+format_error:
+    gm_free( gm );
+    if( magic == '1' || magic == '4' )
+    {
+        gm_read_error = "invalid pbm file";
+    }
+    else if( magic == '2' || magic == '5' )
+    {
+        gm_read_error = "invalid pgm file";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        gm_read_error = "invalid ppm file";
+    }
+    return -2;
+}
+
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* read BMP format */
+
+struct bmp_info_s
+{
+    unsigned int FileSize;
+    unsigned int reserved;
+    unsigned int DataOffset;
+    unsigned int InfoSize;
+    unsigned int w;             /* width */
+    unsigned int h;             /* height */
+    unsigned int Planes;
+    unsigned int bits;          /* bits per sample */
+    unsigned int comp;          /* compression mode */
+    unsigned int ImageSize;
+    unsigned int XpixelsPerM;
+    unsigned int YpixelsPerM;
+    unsigned int ncolors;       /* number of colors in palette */
+    unsigned int ColorsImportant;
+    unsigned int ctbits;        /* sample size for color table */
+};
+typedef struct bmp_info_s bmp_info_t;
+
+/* auxiliary */
+
+static int bmp_count = 0;   /* counter for byte padding */
+static int bmp_pos   = 0;   /* counter from start of BMP data */
+
+/* read n-byte little-endian integer. Return 1 on EOF or error, else
+ *  0. Assume n<=4. */
+static int bmp_readint( FILE* f, int n, unsigned int* p )
+{
+    int          i;
+    unsigned int sum = 0;
+    int          b;
+
+    for( i = 0; i<n; i++ )
+    {
+        b = fgetc( f );
+        if( b==EOF )
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        sum += b << (8 * i);
+    }
+
+    bmp_count += n;
+    bmp_pos   += n;
+    *p = sum;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/* reset padding boundary */
+static void bmp_pad_reset( void )
+{
+    bmp_count = 0;
+}
+
+
+/* read padding bytes to 4-byte boundary. Return 1 on EOF or error,
+ *  else 0. */
+static int bmp_pad( FILE* f )
+{
+    int c, i, b;
+
+    c = (-bmp_count) & 3;
+    for( i = 0; i<c; i++ )
+    {
+        b = fgetc( f );
+        if( b==EOF )
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bmp_pos  += c;
+    bmp_count = 0;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/* forward to the new file position. Return 1 on EOF or error, else 0 */
+static int bmp_forward( FILE* f, int pos )
+{
+    int b;
+
+    while( bmp_pos < pos )
+    {
+        b = fgetc( f );
+        if( b==EOF )
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        bmp_pos++;
+        bmp_count++;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+#define TRY( x )     if( x ) \
+        goto try_error
+#define TRY_EOF( x ) if( x ) \
+        goto eof
+
+/* read BMP stream after magic number. Return values as for gm_read.
+ *  We choose to be as permissive as possible, since there are many
+ *  programs out there which produce BMP. For instance, ppmtobmp can
+ *  produce codings with anywhere from 1-8 or 24 bits per sample,
+ *  although most specifications only allow 1,4,8,24,32. We can also
+ *  read both the old and new OS/2 BMP formats in addition to the
+ *  Windows BMP format. */
+static int gm_readbody_bmp( FILE* f, greymap_t** gmp )
+{
+    bmp_info_t   bmpinfo;
+    int*         coltable;
+    unsigned int b, c;
+    unsigned int i, j;
+    greymap_t*   gm;
+    unsigned int x, y;
+    int          col[2];
+    unsigned int bitbuf;
+    unsigned int n;
+
+    gm_read_error = NULL;
+    gm = NULL;
+    coltable = NULL;
+
+    bmp_pos = 2; /* set file position */
+
+    /* file header (minus magic number) */
+    TRY( bmp_readint( f, 4, &bmpinfo.FileSize ) );
+    TRY( bmp_readint( f, 4, &bmpinfo.reserved ) );
+    TRY( bmp_readint( f, 4, &bmpinfo.DataOffset ) );
+
+    /* info header */
+    TRY( bmp_readint( f, 4, &bmpinfo.InfoSize ) );
+    if( bmpinfo.InfoSize == 40 || bmpinfo.InfoSize == 64 )
+    {
+        /* Windows or new OS/2 format */
+        bmpinfo.ctbits = 32; /* sample size in color table */
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 4, &bmpinfo.w ) );
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 4, &bmpinfo.h ) );
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 2, &bmpinfo.Planes ) );
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 2, &bmpinfo.bits ) );
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 4, &bmpinfo.comp ) );
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 4, &bmpinfo.ImageSize ) );
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 4, &bmpinfo.XpixelsPerM ) );
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 4, &bmpinfo.YpixelsPerM ) );
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 4, &bmpinfo.ncolors ) );
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 4, &bmpinfo.ColorsImportant ) );
+    }
+    else if( bmpinfo.InfoSize == 12 )
+    {
+        /* old OS/2 format */
+        bmpinfo.ctbits = 24; /* sample size in color table */
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 2, &bmpinfo.w ) );
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 2, &bmpinfo.h ) );
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 2, &bmpinfo.Planes ) );
+        TRY( bmp_readint( f, 2, &bmpinfo.bits ) );
+        bmpinfo.comp    = 0;
+        bmpinfo.ncolors = 0;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        goto format_error;
+    }
+
+    /* forward to color table (i.e., if bmpinfo.InfoSize == 64) */
+    TRY( bmp_forward( f, 14 + bmpinfo.InfoSize ) );
+
+    if( bmpinfo.Planes != 1 )
+    {
+        gm_read_error = "cannot handle bmp planes";
+        goto format_error; /* can't handle planes */
+    }
+
+    if( bmpinfo.ncolors == 0 )
+    {
+        bmpinfo.ncolors = 1 << bmpinfo.bits;
+    }
+
+    /* color table, present only if bmpinfo.bits <= 8. */
+    if( bmpinfo.bits <= 8 )
+    {
+        coltable = (int*) malloc( bmpinfo.ncolors * sizeof(int) );
+        if( !coltable )
+        {
+            goto std_error;
+        }
+
+        /* NOTE: since we are reading a greymap, we can immediately convert
+         *  the color table entries to grey values. */
+        for( i = 0; i<bmpinfo.ncolors; i++ )
+        {
+            TRY( bmp_readint( f, bmpinfo.ctbits / 8, &c ) );
+            c = ( (c >> 16) & 0xff ) + ( (c >> 8) & 0xff ) + (c & 0xff);
+            coltable[i] = c / 3;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* forward to data */
+    if( bmpinfo.InfoSize != 12 ) /* not old OS/2 format */
+    {
+        TRY( bmp_forward( f, bmpinfo.DataOffset ) );
+    }
+
+    /* allocate greymap */
+    gm = gm_new( bmpinfo.w, bmpinfo.h );
+    if( !gm )
+    {
+        goto std_error;
+    }
+
+    /* zero it out */
+    gm_clear( gm, 0 );
+
+    switch( bmpinfo.bits + 0x100 * bmpinfo.comp )
+    {
+    default:
+        goto format_error;
+        break;
+
+    case 0x001: /* monochrome palette */
+
+        /* raster data */
+        for( y = 0; y<bmpinfo.h; y++ )
+        {
+            bmp_pad_reset();
+            for( i = 0; 8 * i<bmpinfo.w; i++ )
+            {
+                TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &b ) );
+                for( j = 0; j<8; j++ )
+                {
+                    GM_PUT( gm, i * 8 + j, y, b & (0x80 >> j) ? coltable[1] : coltable[0] );
+                }
+            }
+
+            TRY( bmp_pad( f ) );
+        }
+
+        break;
+
+    case 0x002: /* 2-bit to 8-bit palettes */
+    case 0x003:
+    case 0x004:
+    case 0x005:
+    case 0x006:
+    case 0x007:
+    case 0x008:
+        for( y = 0; y<bmpinfo.h; y++ )
+        {
+            bmp_pad_reset();
+            bitbuf = 0; /* bit buffer: bits in buffer are high-aligned */
+            n = 0;      /* number of bits currently in bitbuffer */
+            for( x = 0; x<bmpinfo.w; x++ )
+            {
+                if( n < bmpinfo.bits )
+                {
+                    TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &b ) );
+                    bitbuf |= b << (INTBITS - 8 - n);
+                    n += 8;
+                }
+                b = bitbuf >> (INTBITS - bmpinfo.bits);
+                bitbuf <<= bmpinfo.bits;
+                n -= bmpinfo.bits;
+                GM_UPUT( gm, x, y, coltable[b] );
+            }
+
+            TRY( bmp_pad( f ) );
+        }
+
+        break;
+
+    case 0x010: /* 16-bit encoding */
+
+        /* can't do this format because it is not well-documented and I
+         *  don't have any samples */
+        gm_read_error = "cannot handle bmp 16-bit coding";
+        goto format_error;
+        break;
+
+    case 0x018: /* 24-bit encoding */
+    case 0x020: /* 32-bit encoding */
+        for( y = 0; y<bmpinfo.h; y++ )
+        {
+            bmp_pad_reset();
+            for( x = 0; x<bmpinfo.w; x++ )
+            {
+                TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, bmpinfo.bits / 8, &c ) );
+                c = ( (c >> 16) & 0xff ) + ( (c >> 8) & 0xff ) + (c & 0xff);
+                GM_UPUT( gm, x, y, c / 3 );
+            }
+
+            TRY( bmp_pad( f ) );
+        }
+
+        break;
+
+    case 0x204: /* 4-bit runlength compressed encoding (RLE4) */
+        x = 0;
+        y = 0;
+        while( 1 )
+        {
+            TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &b ) ); /* opcode */
+            TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &c ) ); /* argument */
+            if( b>0 )
+            {
+                /* repeat count */
+                col[0] = coltable[(c >> 4) & 0xf];
+                col[1] = coltable[c & 0xf];
+                for( i = 0; i<b && x<bmpinfo.w; i++ )
+                {
+                    if( x>=bmpinfo.w )
+                    {
+                        x = 0;
+                        y++;
+                    }
+                    if( y>=bmpinfo.h )
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    GM_UPUT( gm, x, y, col[i & 1] );
+                    x++;
+                }
+            }
+            else if( c == 0 )
+            {
+                /* end of line */
+                y++;
+                x = 0;
+            }
+            else if( c == 1 )
+            {
+                /* end of greymap */
+                break;
+            }
+            else if( c == 2 )
+            {
+                /* "delta": skip pixels in x and y directions */
+                TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &b ) ); /* x offset */
+                TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &c ) ); /* y offset */
+                x += b;
+                y += c;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                /* verbatim segment */
+                for( i = 0; i<c; i++ )
+                {
+                    if( (i & 1)==0 )
+                    {
+                        TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &b ) );
+                    }
+                    if( x>=bmpinfo.w )
+                    {
+                        x = 0;
+                        y++;
+                    }
+                    if( y>=bmpinfo.h )
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    GM_PUT( gm, x, y, coltable[( b >> ( 4 - 4 * (i & 1) ) ) & 0xf] );
+                    x++;
+                }
+
+                if( (c + 1) & 2 )
+                {
+                    /* pad to 16-bit boundary */
+                    TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &b ) );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        break;
+
+    case 0x108: /* 8-bit runlength compressed encoding (RLE8) */
+        x = 0;
+        y = 0;
+        while( 1 )
+        {
+            TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &b ) ); /* opcode */
+            TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &c ) ); /* argument */
+            if( b>0 )
+            {
+                /* repeat count */
+                for( i = 0; i<b; i++ )
+                {
+                    if( x>=bmpinfo.w )
+                    {
+                        x = 0;
+                        y++;
+                    }
+                    if( y>=bmpinfo.h )
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    GM_UPUT( gm, x, y, coltable[c] );
+                    x++;
+                }
+            }
+            else if( c == 0 )
+            {
+                /* end of line */
+                y++;
+                x = 0;
+            }
+            else if( c == 1 )
+            {
+                /* end of greymap */
+                break;
+            }
+            else if( c == 2 )
+            {
+                /* "delta": skip pixels in x and y directions */
+                TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &b ) ); /* x offset */
+                TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &c ) ); /* y offset */
+                x += b;
+                y += c;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                /* verbatim segment */
+                for( i = 0; i<c; i++ )
+                {
+                    TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &b ) );
+                    if( x>=bmpinfo.w )
+                    {
+                        x = 0;
+                        y++;
+                    }
+                    if( y>=bmpinfo.h )
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    GM_PUT( gm, x, y, coltable[b] );
+                    x++;
+                }
+
+                if( c & 1 )
+                {
+                    /* pad input to 16-bit boundary */
+                    TRY_EOF( bmp_readint( f, 1, &b ) );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        break;
+    } /* switch */
+
+    /* skip any potential junk after the data section, but don't
+     *  complain in case EOF is encountered */
+    bmp_forward( f, bmpinfo.FileSize );
+
+    free( coltable );
+    *gmp = gm;
+    return 0;
+
+eof:
+    free( coltable );
+    *gmp = gm;
+    return 1;
+
+format_error:
+try_error:
+    free( coltable );
+    free( gm );
+    if( !gm_read_error )
+    {
+        gm_read_error = "invalid bmp file";
+    }
+    return -2;
+
+std_error:
+    free( coltable );
+    free( gm );
+    return -1;
+}
+
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* write a pgm stream, either P2 or (if raw != 0) P5 format. Include
+ *  one-line comment if non-NULL. Mode determines how out-of-range
+ *  color values are converted. Gamma is the desired gamma correction,
+ *  if any (set to 2.2 if the image is to look optimal on a CRT monitor,
+ *  2.8 for LCD). Set to 1.0 for no gamma correction */
+
+int gm_writepgm( FILE* f, greymap_t* gm, char* comment, int raw, int mode, double gamma )
+{
+    int x, y, v;
+    int gammatable[256];
+
+    /* prepare gamma correction lookup table */
+    if( gamma != 1.0 )
+    {
+        gammatable[0] = 0;
+        for( v = 1; v<256; v++ )
+        {
+            gammatable[v] = (int) ( 255 * exp( log( v / 255.0 ) / gamma ) + 0.5 );
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        for( v = 0; v<256; v++ )
+        {
+            gammatable[v] = v;
+        }
+    }
+
+    fprintf( f, raw ? "P5\n" : "P2\n" );
+    if( comment && *comment )
+    {
+        fprintf( f, "# %s\n", comment );
+    }
+    fprintf( f, "%d %d 255\n", gm->w, gm->h );
+    for( y = gm->h - 1; y>=0; y-- )
+    {
+        for( x = 0; x<gm->w; x++ )
+        {
+            v = GM_UGET( gm, x, y );
+            if( mode == GM_MODE_NONZERO )
+            {
+                if( v > 255 )
+                {
+                    v = 510 - v;
+                }
+                if( v < 0 )
+                {
+                    v = 0;
+                }
+            }
+            else if( mode == GM_MODE_ODD )
+            {
+                v = mod( v, 510 );
+                if( v > 255 )
+                {
+                    v = 510 - v;
+                }
+            }
+            else if( mode == GM_MODE_POSITIVE )
+            {
+                if( v < 0 )
+                {
+                    v = 0;
+                }
+                else if( v > 255 )
+                {
+                    v = 255;
+                }
+            }
+            else if( mode == GM_MODE_NEGATIVE )
+            {
+                v = 510 - v;
+                if( v < 0 )
+                {
+                    v = 0;
+                }
+                else if( v > 255 )
+                {
+                    v = 255;
+                }
+            }
+            v = gammatable[v];
+
+            if( raw )
+            {
+                fputc( v, f );
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                fprintf( f, x == gm->w - 1 ? "%d\n" : "%d ", v );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* output - for primitive debugging purposes only! */
+
+/* print greymap to screen */
+int gm_print( FILE* f, greymap_t* gm )
+{
+    int x, y;
+    int xx, yy;
+    int d, t;
+    int sw, sh;
+
+    sw = gm->w < 79 ? gm->w : 79;
+    sh = gm->w < 79 ? gm->h : gm->h * sw * 44 / (79 * gm->w);
+
+    for( yy = sh - 1; yy>=0; yy-- )
+    {
+        for( xx = 0; xx<sw; xx++ )
+        {
+            d = 0;
+            t = 0;
+            for( x = xx * gm->w / sw; x<(xx + 1) * gm->w / sw; x++ )
+            {
+                for( y = yy * gm->h / sh; y<(yy + 1) * gm->h / sh; y++ )
+                {
+                    d += GM_GET( gm, x, y );
+                    t += 256;
+                }
+            }
+
+            fputc( "*#=- "[5 * d / t], f ); /* what a cute trick :) */
+        }
+
+        fputc( '\n', f );
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}

potrace/greymap.h

+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Peter Selinger.
+   This file is part of Potrace. It is free software and it is covered
+   by the GNU General Public License. See the file COPYING for details. */
+
+/* $Id: greymap.h 147 2007-04-09 00:44:09Z selinger $ */
+
+#ifndef PGM_H
+#define PGM_H
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+/* internal format for greymaps. Note: in this format, rows are
+   ordered from bottom to top. The pixels in each row are given from
+   left to right. */
+
+struct greymap_s {
+  int w;                 /* width, in pixels */
+  int h;                 /* height, in pixels */
+  signed short int *map;    /* raw data, w*h values */
+};
+typedef struct greymap_s greymap_t;
+
+/* macros for accessing pixel at index (x,y). Note that the origin is
+   in the *lower* left corner. U* macros omit the bounds check. */
+
+#define gm_index(gm, x, y) (&(gm)->map[(x)+(y)*(gm)->w])
+#define gm_safe(gm, x, y) ((int)(x)>=0 && (int)(x)<(gm)->w && (int)(y)>=0 && (int)(y)<(gm)->h)
+#define gm_bound(x, m) ((x)<0 ? 0 : (x)>=(m) ? (m)-1 : (x))
+#define GM_UGET(gm, x, y) (*gm_index(gm, x, y))
+#define GM_UINC(gm, x, y, b) (*gm_index(gm, x, y) += (short int)(b))
+#define GM_UINV(gm, x, y) (*gm_index(gm, x, y) = 255 - *gm_index(gm, x, y))
+#define GM_UPUT(gm, x, y, b) (*gm_index(gm, x, y) = (short int)(b))
+#define GM_GET(gm, x, y) (gm_safe(gm, x, y) ? GM_UGET(gm, x, y) : 0)
+#define GM_INC(gm, x, y, b) (gm_safe(gm, x, y) ? GM_UINC(gm, x, y, b) : 0)
+#define GM_INV(gm, x, y) (gm_safe(gm, x, y) ? GM_UINV(gm, x, y) : 0)
+#define GM_PUT(gm, x, y, b) (gm_safe(gm, x, y) ? GM_UPUT(gm, x, y, b) : 0)
+#define GM_BGET(gm, x, y) GM_UGET(gm, gm_bound(x, gm->w), gm_bound(y, gm->h))
+
+/* modes for cutting off out-of-range values. The following names
+   refer to winding numbers. I.e., make a pixel black if winding
+   number is nonzero, odd, or positive, respectively. We assume that 0
+   winding number corresponds to white (255). */
+#define GM_MODE_NONZERO 1
+#define GM_MODE_ODD 2
+#define GM_MODE_POSITIVE 3
+#define GM_MODE_NEGATIVE 4
+
+extern const char *gm_read_error;
+
+greymap_t *gm_new(int w, int h);
+greymap_t *gm_dup(greymap_t *gm);
+void gm_free(greymap_t *gm);
+void gm_clear(greymap_t *gm, int b);
+int gm_read(FILE *f, greymap_t **gmp);
+int gm_writepgm(FILE *f, greymap_t *gm, char *comment, int raw, int mode, double gamma);
+int gm_print(FILE *f, greymap_t *gm);
+
+#endif /* PGM_H */

potrace/lists.h

+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Peter Selinger.
+ *  This file is part of Potrace. It is free software and it is covered
+ *  by the GNU General Public License. See the file COPYING for details. */
+
+/* $Id: lists.h 147 2007-04-09 00:44:09Z selinger $ */
+
+#ifndef _PS_LISTS_H
+#define _PS_LISTS_H
+
+/* here we define some general list macros. Because they are macros,
+ *  they should work on any datatype with a "->next" component. Some of
+ *  them use a "hook". If elt and list are of type t* then hook is of
+ *  type t**. A hook stands for an insertion point in the list, i.e.,
+ *  either before the first element, or between two elements, or after
+ *  the last element. If an operation "sets the hook" for an element,
+ *  then the hook is set to just before the element. One can insert
+ *  something at a hook. One can also unlink at a hook: this means,
+ *  unlink the element just after the hook. By "to unlink", we mean the
+ *  element is removed from the list, but not deleted. Thus, it and its
+ *  components still need to be freed. */
+
+/* Note: these macros are somewhat experimental. Only the ones that
+ *  are actually *used* have been tested. So be careful to test any
+ *  that you use. Looking at the output of the preprocessor, "gcc -E"
+ *  (possibly piped though "indent"), might help too. Also: these
+ *  macros define some internal (local) variables that start with
+ *  "_". */
+
+/* we enclose macro definitions whose body consists of more than one
+ *  statement in MACRO_BEGIN and MACRO_END, rather than '{' and '}'.  The
+ *  reason is that we want to be able to use the macro in a context
+ *  such as "if (...) macro(...); else ...". If we didn't use this obscure
+ *  trick, we'd have to omit the ";" in such cases. */
+
+#define MACRO_BEGIN do {
+#define MACRO_END   } while( 0 )
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* macros for singly-linked lists */
+
+/* traverse list. At the end, elt is set to NULL. */
+#define list_forall( elt, list ) for( elt = list; elt!=NULL; elt = elt->next )
+
+/* set elt to the first element of list satisfying boolean condition
+ *  c, or NULL if not found */
+#define list_find( elt, list, c ) \
+    MACRO_BEGIN list_forall( elt, list ) if( c ) \
+        break;MACRO_END
+
+/* like forall, except also set hook for elt. */
+#define list_forall2( elt, list, hook ) \
+    for( elt = list, hook = &list; elt!=NULL; hook = &elt->next, elt = elt->next )
+
+/* same as list_find, except also set hook for elt. */
+#define list_find2( elt, list, c, hook ) \
+    MACRO_BEGIN list_forall2( elt, list, hook ) if( c ) \
+        break;MACRO_END
+
+/* same, except only use hook. */
+#define _list_forall_hook( list, hook ) \
+    for( hook = &list; *hook!=NULL; hook = &(*hook)->next )
+
+/* same, except only use hook. Note: c may only refer to *hook, not elt. */
+#define _list_find_hook( list, c, hook ) \
+    MACRO_BEGIN _list_forall_hook( list, hook ) if( c ) \
+        break;MACRO_END
+
+/* insert element after hook */
+#define list_insert_athook( elt, hook ) \
+    MACRO_BEGIN elt->next = *hook; *hook = elt; MACRO_END
+
+/* insert element before hook */
+#define list_insert_beforehook( elt, hook ) \
+    MACRO_BEGIN elt->next = *hook; *hook = elt; hook = &elt->next; MACRO_END
+
+/* unlink element after hook, let elt be unlinked element, or NULL.
+ *  hook remains. */
+#define list_unlink_athook( list, elt, hook ) \
+    MACRO_BEGIN \
+    elt = hook ? *hook : NULL; if( elt ) { *hook = elt->next; elt->next = NULL; } \
+    MACRO_END
+
+/* unlink the specific element, if it is in the list. Otherwise, set
+ *  elt to NULL */
+#define list_unlink( listtype, list, elt )      \
+    MACRO_BEGIN                                 \
+    listtype * *_hook;               \
+    _list_find_hook( list, *_hook==elt, _hook );  \
+    list_unlink_athook( list, elt, _hook );       \
+    MACRO_END
+
+/* prepend elt to list */
+#define list_prepend( list, elt ) \
+    MACRO_BEGIN elt->next = list; list = elt; MACRO_END
+
+/* append elt to list. */
+#define list_append( listtype, list, elt )     \
+    MACRO_BEGIN                                \
+    listtype * *_hook;                          \
+    _list_forall_hook( list, _hook ) {}          \
+    list_insert_athook( elt, _hook );            \
+    MACRO_END
+
+/* unlink the first element that satisfies the condition. */
+#define list_unlink_cond( listtype, list, elt, c )     \
+    MACRO_BEGIN                                        \
+    listtype * *_hook;                  \
+    list_find2( elt, list, c, _hook );                   \
+    list_unlink_athook( list, elt, _hook );              \
+    MACRO_END
+
+/* let elt be the nth element of the list, starting to count from 0.
+ *  Return NULL if out of bounds.   */
+#define list_nth( elt, list, n )                                \
+    MACRO_BEGIN                                                 \
+    int _x; /* only evaluate n once */                          \
+    for( _x = (n), elt = list; _x && elt; _x--, elt = elt->next ) {}   \
+    MACRO_END
+
+/* let elt be the nth element of the list, starting to count from 0.
+ *  Return NULL if out of bounds.   */
+#define list_nth_hook( elt, list, n, hook )                     \
+    MACRO_BEGIN                                                 \
+    int _x; /* only evaluate n once */                          \
+    for( _x = (n), elt = list, hook = &list; _x && elt; _x--, hook = &elt->next, elt =\
+             elt->next ) {}   \
+    MACRO_END
+
+/* set n to the length of the list */
+#define list_length( listtype, list, n )                   \
+    MACRO_BEGIN                                            \
+    listtype * _elt;                        \
+    n = 0;                           \
+    list_forall( _elt, list )                \
+    n++;                         \
+    MACRO_END
+
+/* set n to the index of the first element satisfying cond, or -1 if
+ *  none found. Also set elt to the element, or NULL if none found. */
+#define list_index( list, n, elt, c )                      \
+    MACRO_BEGIN                        \
+    n = 0;                           \
+    list_forall( elt, list ) {               \
+        if( c ) \
+            break;\
+        n++;                         \
+    }                          \
+    if( !elt ) \
+        n = -1;\
+    MACRO_END
+
+/* set n to the number of elements in the list that satisfy condition c */
+#define list_count( list, n, elt, c )                      \
+    MACRO_BEGIN                        \
+    n = 0;                           \
+    list_forall( elt, list ) {               \
+        if( c ) \
+            n++;\
+    }                                                      \
+    MACRO_END
+
+/* let elt be each element of the list, unlinked. At the end, set list=NULL. */
+#define list_forall_unlink( elt, list ) \
+    for( elt = list; elt ? (list = elt->next, elt->next = NULL), 1 : 0; elt = list )
+
+/* reverse a list (efficient) */
+#define list_reverse( listtype, list )            \
+    MACRO_BEGIN                   \
+    listtype * _list1 = NULL, *elt;          \
+    list_forall_unlink( elt, list )         \
+    list_prepend( _list1, elt );          \
+    list = _list1;                \
+    MACRO_END
+
+/* insert the element ELT just before the first element TMP of the
+ *  list for which COND holds. Here COND must be a condition of ELT and
+ *  TMP.  Typical usage is to insert an element into an ordered list:
+ *  for instance, list_insert_ordered(listtype, list, elt, tmp,
+ *  elt->size <= tmp->size).  Note: if we give a "less than or equal"
+ *  condition, the new element will be inserted just before a sequence
+ *  of equal elements. If we give a "less than" condition, the new
+ *  element will be inserted just after a list of equal elements.
+ *  Note: it is much more efficient to construct a list with
+ *  list_prepend and then order it with list_merge_sort, than to
+ *  construct it with list_insert_ordered. */
+#define list_insert_ordered( listtype, list, elt, tmp, cond ) \
+    MACRO_BEGIN                                               \
+    listtype * *_hook;                                         \
+    _list_find_hook( list, ( tmp = *_hook, (cond) ), _hook );       \
+    list_insert_athook( elt, _hook );                           \
+    MACRO_END
+
+/* sort the given list, according to the comparison condition.
+ *  Typical usage is list_sort(listtype, list, a, b, a->size <
+ *  b->size).  Note: if we give "less than or equal" condition, each
+ *  segment of equal elements will be reversed in order. If we give a
+ *  "less than" condition, each segment of equal elements will retain
+ *  the original order. The latter is slower but sometimes
+ *  prettier. Average running time: n*n/2. */
+#define list_sort( listtype, list, a, b, cond )            \
+    MACRO_BEGIN                                            \
+    listtype * _newlist = NULL;                               \
+    list_forall_unlink( a, list )                            \
+    list_insert_ordered( listtype, _newlist, a, b, cond ); \
+    list = _newlist;                                       \
+    MACRO_END
+
+/* a much faster sort algorithm (merge sort, n log n worst case). It
+ *  is required that the list type has an additional, unused next1
+ *  component. Note there is no curious reversal of order of equal
+ *  elements as for list_sort. */
+
+#define list_mergesort( listtype, list, a, b, cond )              \
+    MACRO_BEGIN                               \
+    listtype * _elt, **_hook1;                     \
+                                    \
+    for( _elt = list; _elt; _elt = _elt->next1 ) {         \
+        _elt->next1 = _elt->next;                       \
+        _elt->next  = NULL;                          \
+    }                                 \
+    do {                                                  \
+        _hook1 = &(list);                               \
+        while( (a = *_hook1) != NULL && (b = a->next1) != NULL ) {  \
+                                             _elt = b->next1;                          \
+                                             _list_merge_cond( listtype, a, b, cond, *_hook1 );          \
+                                             _hook1  = &( (*_hook1)->next1 );                 \
+                                             *_hook1 = _elt;                               \
+                                         }                                   \
+                                         } while( _hook1 != &(list) );                                  \
+                                         MACRO_END
+
+/* merge two sorted lists. Store result at &result */
+#define _list_merge_cond( listtype, a, b, cond, result )   \
+    MACRO_BEGIN                                            \
+    listtype * *_hook;                  \
+    _hook = &(result);                     \
+    while( 1 ) {                                            \
+        if( a==NULL ) {                  \
+            *_hook = b;                   \
+            break;                        \
+        } else if( b==NULL ) {               \
+            *_hook = a;                   \
+            break;                        \
+        } else if( cond ) {                  \
+            *_hook = a;                   \
+            _hook  = &(a->next);               \
+            a = a->next;                  \
+        } else {                        \
+            *_hook = b;                   \
+            _hook  = &(b->next);               \
+            b = b->next;                  \
+        }                           \
+    }                          \
+    MACRO_END
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* macros for doubly-linked lists */
+
+#define dlist_append( head, end, elt )                    \
+    MACRO_BEGIN                                            \
+    elt->prev = end;                   \
+    elt->next = NULL;                  \
+    if( end ) {                         \
+        end->next = elt;                     \
+    } else {                           \
+        head = elt;                      \
+    }                              \
+    end = elt;                         \
+    MACRO_END
+
+/* let elt be each element of the list, unlinked. At the end, set list=NULL. */
+#define dlist_forall_unlink( elt, head, end ) \
+    for( elt = head;\
+         elt ? (head = elt->next, elt->next = NULL, elt->prev = NULL), 1 : (end = NULL, 0); \
+         elt = head )
+
+/* unlink the first element of the list */
+#define dlist_unlink_first( head, end, elt )               \
+    MACRO_BEGIN                                \
+    elt = head;                        \
+    if( head ) {                        \
+        head = head->next;                   \
+        if( head ) {                      \
+            head->prev = NULL;                 \
+        } else {                         \
+            end = NULL;                    \
+        }                            \
+        elt->prev = NULL;                    \
+        elt->next = NULL;                    \
+    }                          \
+    MACRO_END
+
+#endif /* _PS_LISTS_H */

potrace/platform.h

+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Peter Selinger.
+ *  This file is part of Potrace. It is free software and it is covered
+ *  by the GNU General Public License. See the file COPYING for details. */
+
+/* this header file contains some platform dependent stuff */
+
+#ifndef PLATFORM_H
+#define PLATFORM_H
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#include "config.h"
+#endif
+
+/* in Windows, set all file i/o to binary */
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+#include <fcntl.h>
+unsigned int _CRT_fmode = _O_BINARY;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __CYGWIN__
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <io.h>
+static inline void platform_init( void )
+{
+    setmode( 0, O_BINARY );
+    setmode( 1, O_BINARY );
+}
+
+
+#else
+static inline void platform_init( void )
+{
+    /* NOP */
+}
+
+
+#endif
+
+#endif /* PLATFORM_H */

potrace/potrace_version.h

+#define POTRACELIB_VERSION "potracelib 1.8"

potrace/potracelib.cpp

+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Peter Selinger.
+ *  This file is part of Potrace. It is free software and it is covered
+ *  by the GNU General Public License. See the file COPYING for details.
+ */
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "potracelib.h"
+#include "curve.h"
+#include "decompose.h"
+#include "trace.h"
+#include "progress.h"
+#include "potrace_version.h"
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#include "config.h"
+#endif
+
+/* default parameters */
+static const potrace_param_t param_default =
+{
+    2,                              /* turdsize */
+    POTRACE_TURNPOLICY_MINORITY,    /* turnpolicy */
+    1.0,                            /* alphamax */
+    1,                              /* opticurve */
+    0.2,                            /* opttolerance */
+    {
+        NULL,                       /* callback function */
+        NULL,                       /* callback data */
+        0.0, 1.0,                   /* progress range */
+        0.0,                        /* granularity */
+    },
+};
+
+/* Return a fresh copy of the set of default parameters, or NULL on
+ *  failure with errno set. */
+potrace_param_t* potrace_param_default( void )
+{
+    potrace_param_t* p;
+
+    p = (potrace_param_t*) malloc( sizeof(potrace_param_t) );
+    if( !p )
+    {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    memcpy( p, &param_default, sizeof(potrace_param_t) );
+    return p;
+}
+
+
+/* On success, returns a Potrace state st with st->status ==
+ *  POTRACE_STATUS_OK. On failure, returns NULL if no Potrace state
+ *  could be created (with errno set), or returns an incomplete Potrace
+ *  state (with st->status == POTRACE_STATUS_INCOMPLETE). Complete or
+ *  incomplete Potrace state can be freed with potrace_state_free(). */
+potrace_state_t* potrace_trace( const potrace_param_t* param, const potrace_bitmap_t* bm )
+{
+    int              r;
+    path_t*          plist = NULL;
+    potrace_state_t* st;
+    progress_t       prog;
+    progress_t       subprog;
+
+    /* prepare private progress bar state */
+    prog.callback = param->progress.callback;
+    prog.data     = param->progress.data;
+    prog.min     = param->progress.min;
+    prog.max     = param->progress.max;
+    prog.epsilon = param->progress.epsilon;
+    prog.d_prev  = param->progress.min;
+
+    /* allocate state object */
+    st = (potrace_state_t*) malloc( sizeof(potrace_state_t) );
+    if( !st )
+    {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    progress_subrange_start( 0.0, 0.1, &prog, &subprog );
+
+    /* process the image */
+    r = bm_to_pathlist( bm, &plist, param, &subprog );
+    if( r )
+    {
+        free( st );
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    st->status = POTRACE_STATUS_OK;
+    st->plist  = plist;
+    st->priv   = NULL; /* private state currently unused */
+
+    progress_subrange_end( &prog, &subprog );
+
+    progress_subrange_start( 0.1, 1.0, &prog, &subprog );
+
+    /* partial success. */
+    r = process_path( plist, param, &subprog );
+    if( r )
+    {
+        st->status = POTRACE_STATUS_INCOMPLETE;
+    }
+
+    progress_subrange_end( &prog, &subprog );
+
+    return st;
+}
+
+
+/* free a Potrace state, without disturbing errno. */
+void potrace_state_free( potrace_state_t* st )
+{
+    pathlist_free( st->plist );
+    free( st );
+}
+
+
+/* free a parameter list, without disturbing errno. */
+void potrace_param_free( potrace_param_t* p )
+{
+    free( p );
+}
+
+
+const char* potrace_version( void )
+{
+    return POTRACELIB_VERSION;
+}

potrace/potracelib.h

+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Peter Selinger.
+ *  This file is part of Potrace. It is free software and it is covered
+ *  by the GNU General Public License. See the file COPYING for details. */
+
+#ifndef POTRACELIB_H
+#define POTRACELIB_H
+
+/* this file defines the API for the core Potrace library. For a more
+ *  detailed description of the API, see doc/potracelib.txt */
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* tracing parameters */
+
+/* turn policies */
+#define POTRACE_TURNPOLICY_BLACK    0
+#define POTRACE_TURNPOLICY_WHITE    1
+#define POTRACE_TURNPOLICY_LEFT     2
+#define POTRACE_TURNPOLICY_RIGHT    3
+#define POTRACE_TURNPOLICY_MINORITY 4
+#define POTRACE_TURNPOLICY_MAJORITY 5
+#define POTRACE_TURNPOLICY_RANDOM   6
+
+/* structure to hold progress bar callback data */
+struct potrace_progress_s
+{
+    void   (* callback)( double progress, void* privdata ); /* callback fn */
+    void*  data;                                            /* callback function's private data */
+    double min, max;                                        /* desired range of progress, e.g. 0.0 to 1.0 */
+    double epsilon;                                         /* granularity: can skip smaller increments */
+};
+typedef struct potrace_progress_s potrace_progress_t;
+
+/* structure to hold tracing parameters */
+struct potrace_param_s
+{
+    int                turdsize;        /* area of largest path to be ignored */
+    int                turnpolicy;      /* resolves ambiguous turns in path decomposition */
+    double             alphamax;        /* corner threshold */
+    int                opticurve;       /* use curve optimization? */
+    double             opttolerance;    /* curve optimization tolerance */
+    potrace_progress_t progress;        /* progress callback function */
+};
+typedef struct potrace_param_s potrace_param_t;
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* bitmaps */
+
+/* native word size */
+typedef unsigned long potrace_word;
+
+/* Internal bitmap format. The n-th scanline starts at scanline(n) =
+ *  (map + n*dy). Raster data is stored as a sequence of potrace_words
+ *  (NOT bytes). The leftmost bit of scanline n is the most significant
+ *  bit of scanline(n)[0]. */
+struct potrace_bitmap_s
+{
+    int           w, h;     /* width and height, in pixels */
+    int           dy;       /* words per scanline (not bytes) */
+    potrace_word* map;      /* raw data, dy*h words */
+};
+typedef struct potrace_bitmap_s potrace_bitmap_t;
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* curves */
+
+/* point */
+struct potrace_dpoint_s
+{
+    double x, y;
+};
+typedef struct potrace_dpoint_s potrace_dpoint_t;
+
+/* segment tags */
+#define POTRACE_CURVETO 1
+#define POTRACE_CORNER  2
+
+/* closed curve segment */
+struct potrace_curve_s
+{
+    int  n;                 /* number of segments */
+    int* tag;               /* tag[n]: POTRACE_CURVETO or POTRACE_CORNER */
+         potrace_dpoint_t( * c )[3]; /* c[n][3]: control points.
+                             *  c[n][0] is unused for tag[n]=POTRACE_CORNER */
+};
+typedef struct potrace_curve_s potrace_curve_t;
+
+/* Linked list of signed curve segments. Also carries a tree structure. */
+struct potrace_path_s
+{
+    int             area;               /* area of the bitmap path */
+    int             sign;               /* '+' or '-', depending on orientation */
+    potrace_curve_t curve;              /* this path's vector data */
+
+    struct potrace_path_s* next;        /* linked list structure */
+
+    struct potrace_path_s* childlist;   /* tree structure */
+    struct potrace_path_s* sibling;     /* tree structure */
+
+    struct potrace_privpath_s* priv;    /* private state */
+};
+typedef struct potrace_path_s potrace_path_t;
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* Potrace state */
+
+#define POTRACE_STATUS_OK         0
+#define POTRACE_STATUS_INCOMPLETE 1
+
+struct potrace_state_s
+{
+    int             status;
+    potrace_path_t* plist;              /* vector data */
+
+    struct potrace_privstate_s* priv;   /* private state */
+};
+typedef struct potrace_state_s potrace_state_t;
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* API functions */
+
+/* get default parameters */
+potrace_param_t* potrace_param_default( void );
+
+/* free parameter set */
+void             potrace_param_free( potrace_param_t* p );
+
+/* trace a bitmap*/
+potrace_state_t* potrace_trace( const potrace_param_t*  param,
+                                const potrace_bitmap_t* bm );
+
+/* free a Potrace state */
+void             potrace_state_free( potrace_state_t* st );
+
+/* return a static plain text version string identifying this version
+ *  of potracelib */
+const char*      potrace_version( void );
+
+#endif /* POTRACELIB_H */

potrace/progress.h

+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Peter Selinger.
+ *  This file is part of Potrace. It is free software and it is covered
+ *  by the GNU General Public License. See the file COPYING for details. */
+
+/* operations on potrace_progress_t objects, which are defined in
+ *  potracelib.h. Note: the code attempts to minimize runtime overhead
+ *  when no progress monitoring was requested. It also tries to
+ *  minimize excessive progress calculations beneath the "epsilon"
+ *  threshold. */
+
+#ifndef PROGRESS_H
+#define PROGRESS_H
+
+/* structure to hold progress bar callback data */
+struct progress_s
+{
+    void   (* callback)( double progress, void* privdata ); /* callback fn */
+    void*  data;                                            /* callback function's private data */
+    double min, max;                                        /* desired range of progress, e.g. 0.0 to 1.0 */
+    double epsilon;                                         /* granularity: can skip smaller increments */
+    double b;                                               /* upper limit of subrange in superrange units */
+    double d_prev;                                          /* previous value of d */
+};
+typedef struct progress_s progress_t;
+
+/* notify given progress object of current progress. Note that d is
+ *  given in the 0.0-1.0 range, which will be scaled and translated to
+ *  the progress object's range. */
+static inline void progress_update( double d, progress_t* prog )
+{
+    double d_scaled;
+
+    if( prog->callback != NULL )
+    {
+        d_scaled = prog->min * (1 - d) + prog->max * d;
+        if( d == 1.0 || d_scaled >= prog->d_prev + prog->epsilon )
+        {
+            prog->callback( prog->min * (1 - d) + prog->max * d, prog->data );
+            prog->d_prev = d_scaled;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* start a subrange of the given progress object. The range is
+ *  narrowed to [a..b], relative to 0.0-1.0 coordinates. If new range
+ *  is below granularity threshold, disable further subdivisions. */
+static inline void progress_subrange_start( double            a,
+                                            double            b,
+                                            const progress_t* prog,
+                                            progress_t*       sub )
+{
+    double min, max;
+
+    if( prog->callback == NULL )
+    {
+        sub->callback = NULL;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    min = prog->min * (1 - a) + prog->max * a;
+    max = prog->min * (1 - b) + prog->max * b;
+
+    if( max - min < prog->epsilon )
+    {
+        sub->callback = NULL; /* no further progress info in subrange */
+        sub->b = b;
+        return;
+    }
+    sub->callback = prog->callback;
+    sub->data     = prog->data;
+    sub->epsilon  = prog->epsilon;
+    sub->min    = min;
+    sub->max    = max;
+    sub->d_prev = prog->d_prev;
+    return;
+}
+
+
+static inline void progress_subrange_end( progress_t* prog, progress_t* sub )
+{
+    if( prog->callback != NULL )
+    {
+        if( sub->callback == NULL )
+        {
+            progress_update( sub->b, prog );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            prog->d_prev = sub->d_prev;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+#endif /* PROGRESS_H */

potrace/render.cpp

+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Peter Selinger.
+ *  This file is part of Potrace. It is free software and it is covered
+ *  by the GNU General Public License. See the file COPYING for details. */
+
+/* $Id: render.c 147 2007-04-09 00:44:09Z selinger $ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "render.h"
+#include "greymap.h"
+#include "auxiliary.h"
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* routines for anti-aliased rendering of curves */
+
+/* we use the following method. Given a point (x,y) (with real-valued
+ *  coordinates) in the plane, let (xi,yi) be the integer part of the
+ *  coordinates, i.e., xi=floor(x), yi=floor(y). Define a path from
+ *  (x,y) to infinity as follows: path(x,y) =
+ *  (x,y)--(xi+1,y)--(xi+1,yi)--(+infty,yi).  Now as the point (x,y)
+ *  moves smoothly across the plane, the path path(x,y) sweeps
+ *  (non-smoothly) across a certain area. We proportionately blacken
+ *  the area as the path moves "downward", and we whiten the area as
+ *  the path moves "upward". This way, after the point has traversed a
+ *  closed curve, the interior of the curve has been darkened
+ *  (counterclockwise movement) or lightened (clockwise movement). (The
+ *  "grey shift" is actually proportional to the winding number). By
+ *  choosing the above path with mostly integer coordinates, we achieve
+ *  that only pixels close to (x,y) receive grey values and are subject
+ *  to round-off errors. The grey value of pixels far away from (x,y)
+ *  is always in "integer" (where 0=black, 1=white).  As a special
+ *  trick, we keep an accumulator rm->a1, which holds a double value to
+ *  be added to the grey value to be added to the current pixel
+ *  (xi,yi).  Only when changing "current" pixels, we convert this
+ *  double value to an integer. This way we avoid round-off errors at
+ *  the meeting points of line segments. Another speedup measure is
+ *  that we sometimes use the rm->incrow_buf array to postpone
+ *  incrementing or decrementing an entire row. If incrow_buf[y]=x+1!=0,
+ *  then all the pixels (x,y),(x+1,y),(x+2,y),... are scheduled to be
+ *  incremented/decremented (which one is the case will be clear from
+ *  context). This keeps the greymap operations reasonably local. */
+
+/* allocate a new rendering state */
+render_t* render_new( greymap_t* gm )
+{
+    render_t* rm;
+
+    rm = (render_t*) malloc( sizeof(render_t) );
+    if( !rm )
+    {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    memset( rm, 0, sizeof(render_t) );
+    rm->gm = gm;
+    rm->incrow_buf = (int*) malloc( gm->h * sizeof(int) );
+    if( !rm->incrow_buf )
+    {
+        free( rm );
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    memset( rm->incrow_buf, 0, gm->h * sizeof(int) );
+    return rm;
+}
+
+
+/* free a given rendering state. Note: this does not free the
+ *  underlying greymap. */
+void render_free( render_t* rm )
+{
+    free( rm->incrow_buf );
+    free( rm );
+}
+
+
+/* close path */
+void render_close( render_t* rm )
+{
+    if( rm->x0 != rm->x1 || rm->y0 != rm->y1 )
+    {
+        render_lineto( rm, rm->x0, rm->y0 );
+    }
+    GM_INC( rm->gm, rm->x0i, rm->y0i, (rm->a0 + rm->a1) * 255 );
+
+    /* assert (rm->x0i != rm->x1i || rm->y0i != rm->y1i); */
+
+    /* the persistent state is now undefined */
+}
+
+
+/* move point */
+void render_moveto( render_t* rm, double x, double y )
+{
+    /* close the previous path */
+    render_close( rm );
+
+    rm->x0  = rm->x1 = x;
+    rm->y0  = rm->y1 = y;
+    rm->x0i = (int) floor( rm->x0 );
+    rm->x1i = (int) floor( rm->x1 );
+    rm->y0i = (int) floor( rm->y0 );
+    rm->y1i = (int) floor( rm->y1 );
+    rm->a0  = rm->a1 = 0;
+}
+
+
+/* add b to pixels (x,y) and all pixels to the right of it. However,
+ *  use rm->incrow_buf as a buffer to economize on multiple calls */
+static void incrow( render_t* rm, int x, int y, int b )
+{
+    int i, x0;
+
+    if( y < 0 || y >= rm->gm->h )
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if( x < 0 )
+    {
+        x = 0;
+    }
+    else if( x > rm->gm->w )
+    {
+        x = rm->gm->w;
+    }
+    if( rm->incrow_buf[y] == 0 )
+    {
+        rm->incrow_buf[y] = x + 1; /* store x+1 so that we can use 0 for "vacant" */
+        return;
+    }
+    x0 = rm->incrow_buf[y] - 1;
+    rm->incrow_buf[y] = 0;
+    if( x0 < x )
+    {
+        for( i = x0; i<x; i++ )
+        {
+            GM_INC( rm->gm, i, y, -b );
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        for( i = x; i<x0; i++ )
+        {
+            GM_INC( rm->gm, i, y, b );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* render a straight line */
+void render_lineto( render_t* rm, double x2, double y2 )
+{
+    int    x2i, y2i;
+    double t0 = 2, s0 = 2;
+    int    sn, tn;
+    double ss = 2, ts = 2;
+    double r0, r1;
+    int    i, j;
+    int    rxi, ryi;
+    int    s;
+
+    x2i = (int) floor( x2 );
+    y2i = (int) floor( y2 );
+
+    sn = abs( x2i - rm->x1i );
+    tn = abs( y2i - rm->y1i );
+
+    if( sn )
+    {
+        s0 = ( (x2>rm->x1 ? rm->x1i + 1 : rm->x1i) - rm->x1 ) / (x2 - rm->x1);
+        ss = fabs( 1.0 / (x2 - rm->x1) );
+    }
+    if( tn )
+    {
+        t0 = ( (y2>rm->y1 ? rm->y1i + 1 : rm->y1i) - rm->y1 ) / (y2 - rm->y1);
+        ts = fabs( 1.0 / (y2 - rm->y1) );
+    }
+
+    r0 = 0;
+
+    i = 0;
+    j = 0;
+
+    rxi = rm->x1i;
+    ryi = rm->y1i;
+
+    while( i<sn || j<tn )
+    {
+        if( j>=tn || (i<sn && s0 + i * ss < t0 + j * ts) )
+        {
+            r1 = s0 + i * ss;
+            i++;
+            s = 1;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            r1 = t0 + j * ts;
+            j++;
+            s = 0;
+        }
+        /* render line from r0 to r1 segment of (rm->x1,rm->y1)..(x2,y2) */
+
+        /* move point to r1 */
+        rm->a1 +=
+            (r1 - r0) * (y2 - rm->y1) * ( rxi + 1 - ( (r0 + r1) / 2.0 * (x2 - rm->x1) + rm->x1 ) );
+
+        /* move point across pixel boundary */
+        if( s && x2>rm->x1 )
+        {
+            GM_INC( rm->gm, rxi, ryi, rm->a1 * 255 );
+            rm->a1 = 0;
+            rxi++;
+            rm->a1 += rm->y1 + r1 * (y2 - rm->y1) - ryi;
+        }
+        else if( !s && y2>rm->y1 )
+        {
+            GM_INC( rm->gm, rxi, ryi, rm->a1 * 255 );
+            rm->a1 = 0;
+            incrow( rm, rxi + 1, ryi, 255 );
+            ryi++;
+        }
+        else if( s && x2<=rm->x1 )
+        {
+            rm->a1 -= rm->y1 + r1 * (y2 - rm->y1) - ryi;
+            GM_INC( rm->gm, rxi, ryi, rm->a1 * 255 );
+            rm->a1 = 0;
+            rxi--;
+        }
+        else if( !s && y2<=rm->y1 )
+        {
+            GM_INC( rm->gm, rxi, ryi, rm->a1 * 255 );
+            rm->a1 = 0;
+            ryi--;
+            incrow( rm, rxi + 1, ryi, -255 );
+        }
+
+        r0 = r1;
+    }
+
+    /* move point to (x2,y2) */
+
+    r1      = 1;
+    rm->a1 += (r1 - r0) * (y2 - rm->y1) * ( rxi + 1 - ( (r0 + r1) / 2.0 * (x2 - rm->x1) + rm->x1 ) );
+
+    rm->x1i = x2i;
+    rm->y1i = y2i;
+    rm->x1  = x2;
+    rm->y1  = y2;
+
+    /* assert (rxi != rm->x1i || ryi != rm->y1i); */
+}
+
+
+/* render a Bezier curve. */
+void render_curveto( render_t* rm,
+                     double    x2,
+                     double    y2,
+                     double    x3,
+                     double    y3,
+                     double    x4,
+                     double    y4 )
+{
+    double x1, y1, dd0, dd1, dd, delta, e2, epsilon, t;
+
+    x1 = rm->x1; /* starting point */
+    y1 = rm->y1;
+
+    /* we approximate the curve by small line segments. The interval
+     *  size, epsilon, is determined on the fly so that the distance
+     *  between the true curve and its approximation does not exceed the
+     *  desired accuracy delta. */
+
+    delta = .1; /* desired accuracy, in pixels */
+
+    /* let dd = maximal value of 2nd derivative over curve - this must
+     *  occur at an endpoint. */
+    dd0     = sq( x1 - 2 * x2 + x3 ) + sq( y1 - 2 * y2 + y3 );
+    dd1     = sq( x2 - 2 * x3 + x4 ) + sq( y2 - 2 * y3 + y4 );
+    dd      = 6 * sqrt( max( dd0, dd1 ) );
+    e2      = 8 * delta <= dd ? 8 * delta / dd : 1;
+    epsilon = sqrt( e2 ); /* necessary interval size */
+
+    for( t = epsilon; t<1; t += epsilon )
+    {
+        render_lineto( rm, x1 * cu( 1 - t ) + 3 * x2 * sq( 1 - t ) * t + 3 * x3 * (1 - t) * sq(
+                          t ) + x4 * cu( t ),
+                      y1 * cu( 1 - t ) + 3 * y2 * sq( 1 - t ) * t + 3 * y3 * (1 - t) * sq(
+                          t ) + y4 * cu( t ) );
+    }
+
+    render_lineto( rm, x4, y4 );
+}

potrace/render.h

+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Peter Selinger.
+ *  This file is part of Potrace. It is free software and it is covered
+ *  by the GNU General Public License. See the file COPYING for details. */
+
+/* $Id: render.h 147 2007-04-09 00:44:09Z selinger $ */
+
+#ifndef RENDER_H
+#define RENDER_H
+
+#include "greymap.h"
+
+struct render_s
+{
+    greymap_t* gm;
+    double     x0, y0, x1, y1;
+    int        x0i, y0i, x1i, y1i;
+    double     a0, a1;
+    int*       incrow_buf;
+};
+typedef struct render_s render_t;
+
+render_t* render_new( greymap_t* gm );
+void      render_free( render_t* rm );
+void      render_close( render_t* rm );
+void      render_moveto( render_t* rm, double x, double y );
+void      render_lineto( render_t* rm, double x, double y );
+void      render_curveto( render_t* rm,
+                          double    x2,
+                          double    y2,
+                          double    x3,
+                          double    y3,
+                          double    x4,
+                          double    y4 );
+
+#endif /* RENDER_H */

potrace/trace.cpp

+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Peter Selinger.
+ *  This file is part of Potrace. It is free software and it is covered
+ *  by the GNU General Public License. See the file COPYING for details. */
+
+/* $Id: trace.c 147 2007-04-09 00:44:09Z selinger $ */
+/* transform jaggy paths into smooth curves */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "potracelib.h"
+#include "curve.h"
+#include "lists.h"
+#include "auxiliary.h"
+#include "trace.h"
+#include "progress.h"
+
+#define INFTY  10000000 /* it suffices that this is longer than any
+                         *  path; it need not be really infinite */
+#define COS179 -0.999847695156   /* the cosine of 179 degrees */
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+#define SAFE_MALLOC( var, n, typ ) \
+    if( ( var = (typ*) malloc( (n) * sizeof(typ) ) ) == NULL ) \
+             goto malloc_error
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* auxiliary functions */
+
+/* return a direction that is 90 degrees counterclockwise from p2-p0,
+ *  but then restricted to one of the major wind directions (n, nw, w, etc) */
+static inline point_t dorth_infty( dpoint_t p0, dpoint_t p2 )
+{
+    point_t r;
+
+    r.y = sign( p2.x - p0.x );
+    r.x = -sign( p2.y - p0.y );
+
+    return r;
+}
+
+
+/* return (p1-p0)x(p2-p0), the area of the parallelogram */
+static inline double dpara( dpoint_t p0, dpoint_t p1, dpoint_t p2 )
+{
+    double x1, y1, x2, y2;
+
+    x1 = p1.x - p0.x;
+    y1 = p1.y - p0.y;
+    x2 = p2.x - p0.x;
+    y2 = p2.y - p0.y;
+
+    return x1 * y2 - x2 * y1;
+}
+
+
+/* ddenom/dpara have the property that the square of radius 1 centered
+ *  at p1 intersects the line p0p2 iff |dpara(p0,p1,p2)| <= ddenom(p0,p2) */
+static inline double ddenom( dpoint_t p0, dpoint_t p2 )
+{
+    point_t r = dorth_infty( p0, p2 );
+
+    return r.y * (p2.x - p0.x) - r.x * (p2.y - p0.y);
+}
+
+
+/* return 1 if a <= b < c < a, in a cyclic sense (mod n) */
+static inline int cyclic( int a, int b, int c )
+{
+    if( a<=c )
+    {
+        return a<=b && b<c;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return a<=b || b<c;
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* determine the center and slope of the line i..j. Assume i<j. Needs
+ *  "sum" components of p to be set. */
+static void pointslope( privpath_t* pp, int i, int j, dpoint_t* ctr, dpoint_t* dir )
+{
+    /* assume i<j */
+
+    int     n    = pp->len;
+    sums_t* sums = pp->sums;
+
+    double  x, y, x2, xy, y2;
+    double  k;
+    double  a, b, c, lambda2, l;
+    int     r = 0; /* rotations from i to j */
+
+    while( j>=n )
+    {
+        j -= n;
+        r += 1;
+    }
+
+    while( i>=n )
+    {
+        i -= n;
+        r -= 1;
+    }
+
+    while( j<0 )
+    {
+        j += n;
+        r -= 1;
+    }
+
+    while( i<0 )
+    {
+        i += n;
+        r += 1;
+    }
+
+    x  = sums[j + 1].x - sums[i].x + r * sums[n].x;
+    y  = sums[j + 1].y - sums[i].y + r * sums[n].y;
+    x2 = sums[j + 1].x2 - sums[i].x2 + r * sums[n].x2;
+    xy = sums[j + 1].xy - sums[i].xy + r * sums[n].xy;
+    y2 = sums[j + 1].y2 - sums[i].y2 + r * sums[n].y2;
+    k  = j + 1 - i + r * n;
+
+    ctr->x = x / k;
+    ctr->y = y / k;
+
+    a = (x2 - (double) x * x / k) / k;
+    b = (xy - (double) x * y / k) / k;
+    c = (y2 - (double) y * y / k) / k;
+
+    lambda2 = ( a + c + sqrt( (a - c) * (a - c) + 4 * b * b ) ) / 2; /* larger e.value */
+
+    /* now find e.vector for lambda2 */
+    a -= lambda2;
+    c -= lambda2;
+
+    if( fabs( a ) >= fabs( c ) )
+    {
+        l = sqrt( a * a + b * b );
+        if( l!=0 )
+        {
+            dir->x = -b / l;
+            dir->y = a / l;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        l = sqrt( c * c + b * b );
+        if( l!=0 )
+        {
+            dir->x = -c / l;
+            dir->y = b / l;
+        }
+    }
+    if( l==0 )
+    {
+        dir->x = dir->y = 0; /* sometimes this can happen when k=4:
+                            *  the two eigenvalues coincide */
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* the type of (affine) quadratic forms, represented as symmetric 3x3
+ *  matrices.  The value of the quadratic form at a vector (x,y) is v^t
+ *  Q v, where v = (x,y,1)^t. */
+typedef double quadform_t[3][3];
+
+/* Apply quadratic form Q to vector w = (w.x,w.y) */
+static inline double quadform( quadform_t Q, dpoint_t w )
+{
+    double v[3];
+    int    i, j;
+    double sum;
+
+    v[0] = w.x;
+    v[1] = w.y;
+    v[2] = 1;
+    sum  = 0.0;
+
+    for( i = 0; i<3; i++ )
+    {
+        for( j = 0; j<3; j++ )
+        {
+            sum += v[i] *Q[i][j] *v[j];
+        }
+    }
+
+    return sum;
+}
+
+
+/* calculate p1 x p2 */
+static inline int xprod( point_t p1, point_t p2 )
+{
+    return p1.x * p2.y - p1.y * p2.x;
+}
+
+
+/* calculate (p1-p0)x(p3-p2) */
+static inline double cprod( dpoint_t p0, dpoint_t p1, dpoint_t p2, dpoint_t p3 )
+{
+    double x1, y1, x2, y2;
+
+    x1 = p1.x - p0.x;
+    y1 = p1.y - p0.y;
+    x2 = p3.x - p2.x;
+    y2 = p3.y - p2.y;
+
+    return x1 * y2 - x2 * y1;
+}
+
+
+/* calculate (p1-p0)*(p2-p0) */
+static inline double iprod( dpoint_t p0, dpoint_t p1, dpoint_t p2 )
+{
+    double x1, y1, x2, y2;
+
+    x1 = p1.x - p0.x;
+    y1 = p1.y - p0.y;
+    x2 = p2.x - p0.x;
+    y2 = p2.y - p0.y;
+
+    return x1 * x2 + y1 * y2;
+}
+
+
+/* calculate (p1-p0)*(p3-p2) */
+static inline double iprod1( dpoint_t p0, dpoint_t p1, dpoint_t p2, dpoint_t p3 )
+{
+    double x1, y1, x2, y2;
+
+    x1 = p1.x - p0.x;
+    y1 = p1.y - p0.y;
+    x2 = p3.x - p2.x;
+    y2 = p3.y - p2.y;
+
+    return x1 * x2 + y1 * y2;
+}
+
+
+/* calculate distance between two points */
+static inline double ddist( dpoint_t p, dpoint_t q )
+{
+    return sqrt( sq( p.x - q.x ) + sq( p.y - q.y ) );
+}
+
+
+/* calculate point of a bezier curve */
+static inline dpoint_t bezier( double t, dpoint_t p0, dpoint_t p1, dpoint_t p2, dpoint_t p3 )
+{
+    double   s = 1 - t;
+    dpoint_t res;
+
+    /* Note: a good optimizing compiler (such as gcc-3) reduces the
+     *  following to 16 multiplications, using common subexpression
+     *  elimination. */
+
+    res.x = s * s * s * p0.x + 3 * (s * s * t) * p1.x + 3 * (t * t * s) * p2.x + t * t * t * p3.x;
+    res.y = s * s * s * p0.y + 3 * (s * s * t) * p1.y + 3 * (t * t * s) * p2.y + t * t * t * p3.y;
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+
+/* calculate the point t in [0..1] on the (convex) bezier curve
+ *  (p0,p1,p2,p3) which is tangent to q1-q0. Return -1.0 if there is no
+ *  solution in [0..1]. */
+static double tangent( dpoint_t p0,
+                       dpoint_t p1,
+                       dpoint_t p2,
+                       dpoint_t p3,
+                       dpoint_t q0,
+                       dpoint_t q1 )
+{
+    double A, B, C; /* (1-t)^2 A + 2(1-t)t B + t^2 C = 0 */
+    double a, b, c; /* a t^2 + b t + c = 0 */
+    double d, s, r1, r2;
+
+    A = cprod( p0, p1, q0, q1 );
+    B = cprod( p1, p2, q0, q1 );
+    C = cprod( p2, p3, q0, q1 );
+
+    a = A - 2 * B + C;
+    b = -2 * A + 2 * B;
+    c = A;
+
+    d = b * b - 4 * a * c;
+
+    if( a==0 || d<0 )
+    {
+        return -1.0;
+    }
+
+    s = sqrt( d );
+
+    r1 = (-b + s) / (2 * a);
+    r2 = (-b - s) / (2 * a);
+
+    if( r1 >= 0 && r1 <= 1 )
+    {
+        return r1;
+    }
+    else if( r2 >= 0 && r2 <= 1 )
+    {
+        return r2;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return -1.0;
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Preparation: fill in the sum* fields of a path (used for later
+ *  rapid summing). Return 0 on success, 1 with errno set on
+ *  failure. */
+static int calc_sums( privpath_t* pp )
+{
+    int i, x, y;
+    int n = pp->len;
+
+    SAFE_MALLOC( pp->sums, pp->len + 1, sums_t );
+
+    /* origin */
+    pp->x0 = pp->pt[0].x;
+    pp->y0 = pp->pt[0].y;
+
+    /* preparatory computation for later fast summing */
+    pp->sums[0].x2 = pp->sums[0].xy = pp->sums[0].y2 = pp->sums[0].x = pp->sums[0].y = 0;
+    for( i = 0; i<n; i++ )
+    {
+        x = pp->pt[i].x - pp->x0;
+        y = pp->pt[i].y - pp->y0;
+        pp->sums[i + 1].x  = pp->sums[i].x + x;
+        pp->sums[i + 1].y  = pp->sums[i].y + y;
+        pp->sums[i + 1].x2 = pp->sums[i].x2 + x * x;
+        pp->sums[i + 1].xy = pp->sums[i].xy + x * y;
+        pp->sums[i + 1].y2 = pp->sums[i].y2 + y * y;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+
+malloc_error:
+    return 1;
+}
+
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/* Stage 1: determine the straight subpaths (Sec. 2.2.1). Fill in the
+ *  "lon" component of a path object (based on pt/len).	For each i,
+ *  lon[i] is the furthest index such that a straight line can be drawn
+ *  from i to lon[i]. Return 1 on error with errno set, else 0. */
+
+/* this algorithm depends on the fact that the existence of straight
+ *  subpaths is a triplewise property. I.e., there exists a straight
+ *  line through squares i0,...,in iff there exists a straight line
+ *  through i,j,k, for all i0<=i<j<k<=in. (Proof?) */
+
+/* this implementation of calc_lon is O(n^2). It replaces an older
+ *  O(n^3) version. A "constraint" means that future points must
+ *  satisfy xprod(constraint[0], cur) >= 0 and xprod(constraint[1],
+ *  cur) <= 0. */
+
+/* Remark for Potrace 1.1: the current implementation of calc_lon is
+ *  more complex than the implementation found in Potrace 1.0, but it
+ *  is considerably faster. The introduction of the "nc" data structure
+ *  means that we only have to test the constraints for "corner"
+ *  points. On a typical input file, this speeds up the calc_lon
+ *  function by a factor of 31.2, thereby decreasing its time share
+ *  within the overall Potrace algorithm from 72.6% to 7.82%, and
+ *  speeding up the overall algorithm by a factor of 3.36. On another
+ *  input file, calc_lon was sped up by a factor of 6.7, decreasing its
+ *  time share from 51.4% to 13.61%, and speeding up the overall
+ *  algorithm by a factor of 1.78. In any case, the savings are
+ *  substantial. */
+
+/* returns 0 on success, 1 on error with errno set */
+static int calc_lon( privpath_t* pp )
+{
+    point_t* pt = pp->pt;
+    int      n  = pp->len;
+    int      i, j, k, k1;
+    int      ct[4], dir;
+    point_t  constraint[2];
+    point_t  cur;
+    point_t  off;
+    int*     pivk = NULL;   /* pivk[n] */
+    int*     nc   = NULL;   /* nc[n]: next corner */
+    point_t  dk;            /* direction of k-k1 */
+    int      a, b, c, d;
+
+    SAFE_MALLOC( pivk, n, int );
+    SAFE_MALLOC( nc, n, int );
+
+    /* initialize the nc data structure. Point from each point to the
+     *  furthest future point to which it is connected by a vertical or
+     *  horizontal segment. We take advantage of the fact that there is
+     *  always a direction change at 0 (due to the path decomposition
+     *  algorithm). But even if this were not so, there is no harm, as
+     *  in practice, correctness does not depend on the word "furthest"
+     *  above.  */
+    k = 0;
+    for( i = n - 1; i>=0; i-- )
+    {
+        if( pt[i].x != pt[k].x && pt[i].y != pt[k].y )
+        {
+            k = i + 1; /* necessarily i<n-1 in this case */
+        }
+        nc[i] = k;
+    }
+
+    SAFE_MALLOC( pp->lon, n, int );
+
+    /* determine pivot points: for each i, let pivk[i] be the furthest k
+     *  such that all j with i<j<k lie on a line connecting i,k. */
+
+    for( i = n - 1; i>=0; i-- )
+    {
+        ct[0] = ct[1] = ct[2] = ct[3] = 0;
+
+        /* keep track of "directions" that have occurred */
+        dir =
+            ( 3 + 3 * (pt[mod( i + 1, n )].x - pt[i].x) + (pt[mod( i + 1, n )].y - pt[i].y) ) / 2;
+        ct[dir]++;
+
+        constraint[0].x = 0;
+        constraint[0].y = 0;
+        constraint[1].x = 0;
+        constraint[1].y = 0;
+
+        /* find the next k such that no straight line from i to k */
+        k  = nc[i];
+        k1 = i;
+        while( 1 )
+        {
+            dir = ( 3 + 3 * sign( pt[k].x - pt[k1].x ) + sign( pt[k].y - pt[k1].y ) ) / 2;
+            ct[dir]++;
+
+            /* if all four "directions" have occurred, cut this path */
+            if( ct[0] && ct[1] && ct[2] && ct[3] )
+            {
+                pivk[i] = k1;
+                goto foundk;
+            }
+
+            cur.x = pt[k].x - pt[i].x;
+            cur.y = pt[k].y - pt[i].y;
+
+            /* see if current constraint is violated */
+            if( xprod( constraint[0], cur ) < 0 || xprod( constraint[1], cur ) > 0 )
+            {
+                goto constraint_viol;
+            }
+
+            /* else, update constraint */
+            if( abs( cur.x ) <= 1 && abs( cur.y ) <= 1 )
+            {
+                /* no constraint */
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                off.x = cur.x + ( ( cur.y>=0 && (cur.y>0 || cur.x<0) ) ? 1 : -1 );
+                off.y = cur.y + ( ( cur.x<=0 && (cur.x<0 || cur.y<0) ) ? 1 : -1 );
+                if( xprod( constraint[0], off ) >= 0 )
+                {
+                    constraint[0] = off;
+                }
+                off.x = cur.x + ( ( cur.y<=0 && (cur.y<0 || cur.x<0) ) ? 1 : -1 );
+                off.y = cur.y + ( ( cur.x>=0 && (cur.x>0 || cur.y<0) ) ? 1 : -1 );
+                if( xprod( constraint[1], off ) <= 0 )
+                {
+                    constraint[1] = off;
+                }
+            }
+            k1 = k;
+            k  = nc[k1];
+            if( !cyclic( k, i, k1 ) )
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+constraint_viol:
+
+        /* k1 was the last "corner" satisfying the current constraint, and
+         *  k is the first one violating it. We now need to find the last
+         *  point along k1..k which satisfied the constraint. */
+        dk.x  = sign( pt[k].x - pt[k1].x );
+        dk.y  = sign( pt[k].y - pt[k1].y );
+        cur.x = pt[k1].x - pt[i].x;
+        cur.y = pt[k1].y - pt[i].y;
+
+        /* find largest integer j such that xprod(constraint[0], cur+j*dk)
+         *  >= 0 and xprod(constraint[1], cur+j*dk) <= 0. Use bilinearity
+         *  of xprod. */
+        a = xprod( constraint[0], cur );
+        b = xprod( constraint[0], dk );
+        c = xprod( constraint[1], cur );
+        d = xprod( constraint[1], dk );
+
+        /* find largest integer j such that a+j*b>=0 and c+j*d<=0. This
+         *  can be solved with integer arithmetic. */
+        j = INFTY;
+        if( b<0 )
+        {
+            j = floordiv( a, -b );
+        }
+        if( d>0 )
+        {
+            j = min( j, floordiv( -c, d ) );
+        }
+        pivk[i] = mod( k1 + j, n );
+foundk:
+        ;
+    } /* for i */
+
+    /* clean up: for each i, let lon[i] be the largest k such that for
+     *  all i' with i<=i'<k, i'<k<=pivk[i']. */
+
+    j = pivk[n - 1];
+    pp->lon[n - 1] = j;
+    for( i = n - 2; i>=0; i-- )
+    {
+        if( cyclic( i + 1, pivk[i], j ) )
+        {
+            j = pivk[i];
+        }
+        pp->lon[i] = j;
+    }
+
+    for( i = n - 1; cyclic( mod( i + 1, n ), j, pp->lon[i] ); i-- )
+    {
+        pp->lon[i] = j;
+    }
+
+    free( pivk );
+    free( nc );
+    return 0;
+
+malloc_error:
+    free( pivk );
+    free( nc );
+    return 1;
+}
+
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* Stage 2: calculate the optimal polygon (Sec. 2.2.2-2.2.4). */
+
+/* Auxiliary function: calculate the penalty of an edge from i to j in
+ *  the given path. This needs the "lon" and "sum*" data. */
+
+static double penalty3( privpath_t* pp, int i, int j )
+{
+    int      n    = pp->len;
+    point_t* pt   = pp->pt;
+    sums_t*  sums = pp->sums;
+
+    /* assume 0<=i<j<=n  */
+    double   x, y, x2, xy, y2;
+    double   k;
+    double   a, b, c, s;
+    double   px, py, ex, ey;
+
+    int      r = 0; /* rotations from i to j */
+
+    if( j>=n )
+    {
+        j -= n;
+        r += 1;
+    }
+
+    x  = sums[j + 1].x - sums[i].x + r * sums[n].x;
+    y  = sums[j + 1].y - sums[i].y + r * sums[n].y;
+    x2 = sums[j + 1].x2 - sums[i].x2 + r * sums[n].x2;
+    xy = sums[j + 1].xy - sums[i].xy + r * sums[n].xy;
+    y2 = sums[j + 1].y2 - sums[i].y2 + r * sums[n].y2;
+    k  = j + 1 - i + r * n;
+
+    px = (pt[i].x + pt[j].x) / 2.0 - pt[0].x;
+    py = (pt[i].y + pt[j].y) / 2.0 - pt[0].y;
+    ey = (pt[j].x - pt[i].x);
+    ex = -(pt[j].y - pt[i].y);
+
+    a = ( (x2 - 2 * x * px) / k + px * px );
+    b = ( (xy - x * py - y * px) / k + px * py );
+    c = ( (y2 - 2 * y * py) / k + py * py );
+
+    s = ex * ex * a + 2 * ex * ey * b + ey * ey * c;
+
+    return sqrt( s );
+}
+
+
+/* find the optimal polygon. Fill in the m and po components. Return 1
+ *  on failure with errno set, else 0. Non-cyclic version: assumes i=0
+ *  is in the polygon. Fixme: ### implement cyclic version. */
+static int bestpolygon( privpath_t* pp )
+{
+    int     i, j, m, k;
+    int     n     = pp->len;
+    double* pen   = NULL;   /* pen[n+1]: penalty vector */
+    int*    prev  = NULL;   /* prev[n+1]: best path pointer vector */
+    int*    clip0 = NULL;   /* clip0[n]: longest segment pointer, non-cyclic */
+    int*    clip1 = NULL;   /* clip1[n+1]: backwards segment pointer, non-cyclic */
+    int*    seg0  = NULL;   /* seg0[m+1]: forward segment bounds, m<=n */
+    int*    seg1  = NULL;   /* seg1[m+1]: backward segment bounds, m<=n */
+    double  thispen;
+    double  best;
+    int     c;
+
+    SAFE_MALLOC( pen, n + 1, double );
+    SAFE_MALLOC( prev, n + 1, int );
+    SAFE_MALLOC( clip0, n, int );
+    SAFE_MALLOC( clip1, n + 1, int );
+    SAFE_MALLOC( seg0, n + 1, int );
+    SAFE_MALLOC( seg1, n + 1, int );
+
+    /* calculate clipped paths */
+    for( i = 0; i<n; i++ )
+    {
+        c = mod( pp->lon[mod( i - 1, n )] - 1, n );
+        if( c == i )
+        {
+            c = mod( i + 1, n );
+        }
+        if( c < i )
+        {
+            clip0[i] = n;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            clip0[i] = c;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* calculate backwards path clipping, non-cyclic. j <= clip0[i] iff
+     *  clip1[j] <= i, for i,j=0..n. */
+    j = 1;
+    for( i = 0; i<n; i++ )
+    {
+        while( j <= clip0[i] )
+        {
+            clip1[j] = i;
+            j++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* calculate seg0[j] = longest path from 0 with j segments */
+    i = 0;
+    for( j = 0; i<n; j++ )
+    {
+        seg0[j] = i;
+        i = clip0[i];
+    }
+
+    seg0[j] = n;
+    m = j;
+
+    /* calculate seg1[j] = longest path to n with m-j segments */
+    i = n;
+    for( j = m; j>0; j-- )
+    {
+        seg1[j] = i;
+        i = clip1[i];
+    }
+
+    seg1[0] = 0;
+
+    /* now find the shortest path with m segments, based on penalty3 */
+
+    /* note: the outer 2 loops jointly have at most n interations, thus
+     *  the worst-case behavior here is quadratic. In practice, it is
+     *  close to linear since the inner loop tends to be short. */
+    pen[0] = 0;
+    for( j = 1; j<=m; j++ )
+    {
+        for( i = seg1[j]; i<=seg0[j]; i++ )
+        {
+            best = -1;
+            for( k = seg0[j - 1]; k>=clip1[i]; k-- )
+            {
+                thispen = penalty3( pp, k, i ) + pen[k];
+                if( best < 0 || thispen < best )
+                {
+                    prev[i] = k;
+                    best    = thispen;
+                }
+            }
+
+            pen[i] = best;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pp->m = m;
+    SAFE_MALLOC( pp->po, m, int );
+
+    /* read off shortest path */
+    for( i = n, j = m - 1; i>0; j-- )
+    {
+        i = prev[i];
+        pp->po[j] = i;
+    }
+
+    free( pen );
+    free( prev );
+    free( clip0 );
+    free( clip1 );
+    free( seg0 );
+    free( seg1 );
+    return 0;
+
+malloc_error:
+    free( pen );
+    free( prev );
+    free( clip0 );
+    free( clip1 );
+    free( seg0 );
+    free( seg1 );
+    return 1;
+}
+
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* Stage 3: vertex adjustment (Sec. 2.3.1). */
+
+/* Adjust vertices of optimal polygon: calculate the intersection of
+ *  the two "optimal" line segments, then move it into the unit square
+ *  if it lies outside. Return 1 with errno set on error; 0 on
+ *  success. */
+
+static int adjust_vertices( privpath_t* pp )
+{
+    int         m  = pp->m;
+    int*        po = pp->po;
+    int         n  = pp->len;
+    point_t*    pt = pp->pt;
+    int         x0 = pp->x0;
+    int         y0 = pp->y0;
+
+    dpoint_t*   ctr = NULL;     /* ctr[m] */
+    dpoint_t*   dir = NULL;     /* dir[m] */
+    quadform_t* q   = NULL;     /* q[m] */
+    double      v[3];
+    double      d;
+    int         i, j, k, l;
+    dpoint_t    s;
+    int         r;
+
+    SAFE_MALLOC( ctr, m, dpoint_t );
+    SAFE_MALLOC( dir, m, dpoint_t );
+    SAFE_MALLOC( q, m, quadform_t );
+
+    r = privcurve_init( &pp->curve, m );
+    if( r )
+    {
+        goto malloc_error;
+    }
+
+    /* calculate "optimal" point-slope representation for each line
+     *  segment */
+    for( i = 0; i<m; i++ )
+    {
+        j = po[mod( i + 1, m )];
+        j = mod( j - po[i], n ) + po[i];
+        pointslope( pp, po[i], j, &ctr[i], &dir[i] );
+    }
+
+    /* represent each line segment as a singular quadratic form; the
+     *  distance of a point (x,y) from the line segment will be
+     *  (x,y,1)Q(x,y,1)^t, where Q=q[i]. */
+    for( i = 0; i<m; i++ )
+    {
+        d = sq( dir[i].x ) + sq( dir[i].y );
+        if( d == 0.0 )
+        {
+            for( j = 0; j<3; j++ )
+            {
+                for( k = 0; k<3; k++ )
+                {
+                    q[i][j][k] = 0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            v[0] = dir[i].y;
+            v[1] = -dir[i].x;
+            v[2] = -v[1] *ctr[i].y - v[0] *ctr[i].x;
+            for( l = 0; l<3; l++ )
+            {
+                for( k = 0; k<3; k++ )
+                {
+                    q[i][l][k] = v[l] *v[k] / d;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* now calculate the "intersections" of consecutive segments.
+     *  Instead of using the actual intersection, we find the point
+     *  within a given unit square which minimizes the square distance to
+     *  the two lines. */
+    for( i = 0; i<m; i++ )
+    {
+        quadform_t Q;
+        dpoint_t   w;
+        double     dx, dy;
+        double     det;
+        double     min, cand;   /* minimum and candidate for minimum of quad. form */
+        double     xmin, ymin;  /* coordinates of minimum */
+        int        z;
+
+        /* let s be the vertex, in coordinates relative to x0/y0 */
+        s.x = pt[po[i]].x - x0;
+        s.y = pt[po[i]].y - y0;
+
+        /* intersect segments i-1 and i */
+
+        j = mod( i - 1, m );
+
+        /* add quadratic forms */
+        for( l = 0; l<3; l++ )
+        {
+            for( k = 0; k<3; k++ )
+            {
+                Q[l][k] = q[j][l][k] + q[i][l][k];
+            }
+        }
+
+        while( 1 )
+        {
+            /* minimize the quadratic form Q on the unit square */
+            /* find intersection */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_GCC_LOOP_BUG
+            /* work around gcc bug #12243 */
+            free( NULL );
+#endif
+
+            det = Q[0][0] *Q[1][1] - Q[0][1] *Q[1][0];
+            if( det != 0.0 )
+            {
+                w.x = (-Q[0][2] *Q[1][1] + Q[1][2] *Q[0][1]) / det;
+                w.y = ( Q[0][2] *Q[1][0] - Q[1][2] *Q[0][0]) / det;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            /* matrix is singular - lines are parallel. Add another,
+             *  orthogonal axis, through the center of the unit square */
+            if( Q[0][0]>Q[1][1] )
+            {
+                v[0] = -Q[0][1];
+                v[1] = Q[0][0];
+            }
+            else if( Q[1][1] )
+            {
+                v[0] = -Q[1][1];
+                v[1] = Q[1][0];
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                v[0] = 1;
+                v[1] = 0;
+            }
+            d    = sq( v[0] ) + sq( v[1] );
+            v[2] = -v[1] *s.y - v[0] *s.x;
+            for( l = 0; l<3; l++ )
+            {
+                for( k = 0; k<3; k++ )
+                {
+                    Q[l][k] += v[l] *v[k] / d;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        dx = fabs( w.x - s.x );
+        dy = fabs( w.y - s.y );
+        if( dx <= .5 && dy <= .5 )
+        {
+            pp->curve.vertex[i].x = w.x + x0;
+            pp->curve.vertex[i].y = w.y + y0;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        /* the minimum was not in the unit square; now minimize quadratic
+         *  on boundary of square */
+        min  = quadform( Q, s );
+        xmin = s.x;
+        ymin = s.y;
+
+        if( Q[0][0] == 0.0 )
+        {
+            goto fixx;
+        }
+        for( z = 0; z<2; z++ ) /* value of the y-coordinate */
+        {
+            w.y  = s.y - 0.5 + z;
+            w.x  = -(Q[0][1] *w.y + Q[0][2]) / Q[0][0];
+            dx   = fabs( w.x - s.x );
+            cand = quadform( Q, w );
+            if( dx <= .5 && cand < min )
+            {
+                min  = cand;
+                xmin = w.x;
+                ymin = w.y;
+            }
+        }
+
+fixx:
+        if( Q[1][1] == 0.0 )
+        {
+            goto corners;
+        }
+        for( z = 0; z<2; z++ ) /* value of the x-coordinate */
+        {
+            w.x  = s.x - 0.5 + z;
+            w.y  = -(Q[1][0] *w.x + Q[1][2]) / Q[1][1];
+            dy   = fabs( w.y - s.y );
+            cand = quadform( Q, w );
+            if( dy <= .5 && cand < min )
+            {
+                min  = cand;
+                xmin = w.x;
+                ymin = w.y;
+            }
+        }
+
+corners:
+        /* check four corners */
+        for( l = 0; l<2; l++ )
+        {
+            for( k = 0; k<2; k++ )
+            {
+                w.x  = s.x - 0.5 + l;
+                w.y  = s.y - 0.5 + k;
+                cand = quadform( Q, w );
+                if( cand < min )
+                {
+                    min  = cand;
+                    xmin = w.x;
+                    ymin = w.y;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        pp->curve.vertex[i].x = xmin + x0;
+        pp->curve.vertex[i].y = ymin + y0;
+        continue;
+    }
+
+    free( ctr );
+    free( dir );
+    free( q );
+    return 0;
+
+malloc_error:
+    free( ctr );
+    free( dir );
+    free( q );
+    return 1;
+}
+
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* Stage 4: smoothing and corner analysis (Sec. 2.3.3) */
+
+/* Always succeeds and returns 0 */
+static int smooth( privcurve_t* curve, int sign, double alphamax )
+{
+    int      m = curve->n;
+
+    int      i, j, k;
+    double   dd, denom, alpha;
+    dpoint_t p2, p3, p4;
+
+    if( sign == '-' )
+    {
+        /* reverse orientation of negative paths */
+        for( i = 0, j = m - 1; i<j; i++, j-- )
+        {
+            dpoint_t tmp;
+            tmp = curve->vertex[i];
+            curve->vertex[i] = curve->vertex[j];
+            curve->vertex[j] = tmp;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* examine each vertex and find its best fit */
+    for( i = 0; i<m; i++ )
+    {
+        j  = mod( i + 1, m );
+        k  = mod( i + 2, m );
+        p4 = interval( 1 / 2.0, curve->vertex[k], curve->vertex[j] );
+
+        denom = ddenom( curve->vertex[i], curve->vertex[k] );
+        if( denom != 0.0 )
+        {
+            dd    = dpara( curve->vertex[i], curve->vertex[j], curve->vertex[k] ) / denom;
+            dd    = fabs( dd );
+            alpha = dd>1 ? (1 - 1.0 / dd) : 0;
+            alpha = alpha / 0.75;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            alpha = 4 / 3.0;
+        }
+        curve->alpha0[j] = alpha;   /* remember "original" value of alpha */
+
+        if( alpha > alphamax )      /* pointed corner */
+        {
+            curve->tag[j]  = POTRACE_CORNER;
+            curve->c[j][1] = curve->vertex[j];
+            curve->c[j][2] = p4;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if( alpha < 0.55 )
+            {
+                alpha = 0.55;
+            }
+            else if( alpha > 1 )
+            {
+                alpha = 1;
+            }
+            p2 = interval( .5 + .5 * alpha, curve->vertex[i], curve->vertex[j] );
+            p3 = interval( .5 + .5 * alpha, curve->vertex[k], curve->vertex[j] );
+            curve->tag[j]  = POTRACE_CURVETO;
+            curve->c[j][0] = p2;
+            curve->c[j][1] = p3;
+            curve->c[j][2] = p4;
+        }
+        curve->alpha[j] = alpha; /* store the "cropped" value of alpha */
+        curve->beta[j]  = 0.5;
+    }
+
+    curve->alphacurve = 1;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/* Stage 5: Curve optimization (Sec. 2.4) */
+
+/* a private type for the result of opti_penalty */
+struct opti_s
+{
+    double   pen;   /* penalty */
+    dpoint_t c[2];  /* curve parameters */
+    double   t, s;  /* curve parameters */
+    double   alpha; /* curve parameter */
+};
+typedef struct opti_s opti_t;
+
+/* calculate best fit from i+.5 to j+.5.  Assume i<j (cyclically).
+ *  Return 0 and set badness and parameters (alpha, beta), if
+ *  possible. Return 1 if impossible. */
+static int opti_penalty( privpath_t* pp,
+                         int         i,
+                         int         j,
+                         opti_t*     res,
+                         double      opttolerance,
+                         int*        convc,
+                         double*     areac )
+{
+    int      m = pp->curve.n;
+    int      k, k1, k2, conv, i1;
+    double   area, alpha, d, d1, d2;
+    dpoint_t p0, p1, p2, p3, pt;
+    double   A, R, A1, A2, A3, A4;
+    double   s, t;
+
+    /* check convexity, corner-freeness, and maximum bend < 179 degrees */
+
+    if( i==j ) /* sanity - a full loop can never be an opticurve */
+    {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    k    = i;
+    i1   = mod( i + 1, m );
+    k1   = mod( k + 1, m );
+    conv = convc[k1];
+    if( conv == 0 )
+    {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    d = ddist( pp->curve.vertex[i], pp->curve.vertex[i1] );
+    for( k = k1; k!=j; k = k1 )
+    {
+        k1 = mod( k + 1, m );
+        k2 = mod( k + 2, m );
+        if( convc[k1] != conv )
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        if( sign( cprod( pp->curve.vertex[i], pp->curve.vertex[i1], pp->curve.vertex[k1],
+                         pp->curve.vertex[k2] ) ) != conv )
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        if( iprod1( pp->curve.vertex[i], pp->curve.vertex[i1], pp->curve.vertex[k1],
+                    pp->curve.vertex[k2] ) < d *
+            ddist( pp->curve.vertex[k1], pp->curve.vertex[k2] ) * COS179 )
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* the curve we're working in: */
+    p0 = pp->curve.c[mod( i, m )][2];
+    p1 = pp->curve.vertex[mod( i + 1, m )];
+    p2 = pp->curve.vertex[mod( j, m )];
+    p3 = pp->curve.c[mod( j, m )][2];
+
+    /* determine its area */
+    area  = areac[j] - areac[i];
+    area -= dpara( pp->curve.vertex[0], pp->curve.c[i][2], pp->curve.c[j][2] ) / 2;
+    if( i>=j )
+    {
+        area += areac[m];
+    }
+
+    /* find intersection o of p0p1 and p2p3. Let t,s such that o =
+     *  interval(t,p0,p1) = interval(s,p3,p2). Let A be the area of the
+     *  triangle (p0,o,p3). */
+
+    A1 = dpara( p0, p1, p2 );
+    A2 = dpara( p0, p1, p3 );
+    A3 = dpara( p0, p2, p3 );
+    /* A4 = dpara(p1, p2, p3); */
+    A4 = A1 + A3 - A2;
+
+    if( A2 == A1 ) /* this should never happen */
+    {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    t = A3 / (A3 - A4);
+    s = A2 / (A2 - A1);
+    A = A2 * t / 2.0;
+
+    if( A == 0.0 ) /* this should never happen */
+    {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    R     = area / A;                   /* relative area */
+    alpha = 2 - sqrt( 4 - R / 0.3 );    /* overall alpha for p0-o-p3 curve */
+
+    res->c[0]  = interval( t * alpha, p0, p1 );
+    res->c[1]  = interval( s * alpha, p3, p2 );
+    res->alpha = alpha;
+    res->t     = t;
+    res->s     = s;
+
+    p1 = res->c[0];
+    p2 = res->c[1]; /* the proposed curve is now (p0,p1,p2,p3) */
+
+    res->pen = 0;
+
+    /* calculate penalty */
+    /* check tangency with edges */
+    for( k = mod( i + 1, m ); k!=j; k = k1 )
+    {
+        k1 = mod( k + 1, m );
+        t  = tangent( p0, p1, p2, p3, pp->curve.vertex[k], pp->curve.vertex[k1] );
+        if( t<-.5 )
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        pt = bezier( t, p0, p1, p2, p3 );
+        d  = ddist( pp->curve.vertex[k], pp->curve.vertex[k1] );
+        if( d == 0.0 ) /* this should never happen */
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        d1 = dpara( pp->curve.vertex[k], pp->curve.vertex[k1], pt ) / d;
+        if( fabs( d1 ) > opttolerance )
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        if( iprod( pp->curve.vertex[k], pp->curve.vertex[k1],
+                   pt ) < 0 || iprod( pp->curve.vertex[k1], pp->curve.vertex[k], pt ) < 0 )
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        res->pen += sq( d1 );
+    }
+
+    /* check corners */
+    for( k = i; k!=j; k = k1 )
+    {
+        k1 = mod( k + 1, m );
+        t  = tangent( p0, p1, p2, p3, pp->curve.c[k][2], pp->curve.c[k1][2] );
+        if( t<-.5 )
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        pt = bezier( t, p0, p1, p2, p3 );
+        d  = ddist( pp->curve.c[k][2], pp->curve.c[k1][2] );
+        if( d == 0.0 ) /* this should never happen */
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        d1  = dpara( pp->curve.c[k][2], pp->curve.c[k1][2], pt ) / d;
+        d2  = dpara( pp->curve.c[k][2], pp->curve.c[k1][2], pp->curve.vertex[k1] ) / d;
+        d2 *= 0.75 * pp->curve.alpha[k1];
+        if( d2 < 0 )
+        {
+            d1 = -d1;
+            d2 = -d2;
+        }
+        if( d1 < d2 - opttolerance )
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        if( d1 < d2 )
+        {
+            res->pen += sq( d1 - d2 );
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/* optimize the path p, replacing sequences of Bezier segments by a
+ *  single segment when possible. Return 0 on success, 1 with errno set
+ *  on failure. */
+static int opticurve( privpath_t* pp, double opttolerance )
+{
+    int      m   = pp->curve.n;
+    int*     pt  = NULL;    /* pt[m+1] */
+    double*  pen = NULL;    /* pen[m+1] */
+    int*     len = NULL;    /* len[m+1] */
+    opti_t*  opt = NULL;    /* opt[m+1] */
+    int      om;
+    int      i, j, r;
+    opti_t   o;
+    dpoint_t p0;
+    int      i1;
+    double   area;
+    double   alpha;
+    double*  s = NULL;
+    double*  t = NULL;
+
+    int*     convc = NULL;  /* conv[m]: pre-computed convexities */
+    double*  areac = NULL;  /* cumarea[m+1]: cache for fast area computation */
+
+    SAFE_MALLOC( pt, m + 1, int );
+    SAFE_MALLOC( pen, m + 1, double );
+    SAFE_MALLOC( len, m + 1, int );
+    SAFE_MALLOC( opt, m + 1, opti_t );
+    SAFE_MALLOC( convc, m, int );
+    SAFE_MALLOC( areac, m + 1, double );
+
+    /* pre-calculate convexity: +1 = right turn, -1 = left turn, 0 = corner */
+    for( i = 0; i<m; i++ )
+    {
+        if( pp->curve.tag[i] == POTRACE_CURVETO )
+        {
+            convc[i] =
+                sign( dpara( pp->curve.vertex[mod( i - 1,
+                                                   m )], pp->curve.vertex[i],
+                             pp->curve.vertex[mod( i + 1, m )] ) );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            convc[i] = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* pre-calculate areas */
+    area     = 0.0;
+    areac[0] = 0.0;
+    p0 = pp->curve.vertex[0];
+    for( i = 0; i<m; i++ )
+    {
+        i1 = mod( i + 1, m );
+        if( pp->curve.tag[i1] == POTRACE_CURVETO )
+        {
+            alpha = pp->curve.alpha[i1];
+            area += 0.3 * alpha * (4 - alpha) * dpara( pp->curve.c[i][2],
+                                                       pp->curve.vertex[i1],
+                                                       pp->curve.c[i1][2] ) / 2;
+            area += dpara( p0, pp->curve.c[i][2], pp->curve.c[i1][2] ) / 2;
+        }
+        areac[i + 1] = area;
+    }
+
+    pt[0]  = -1;
+    pen[0] = 0;
+    len[0] = 0;
+
+    /* Fixme: we always start from a fixed point -- should find the best
+     *  curve cyclically ### */
+
+    for( j = 1; j<=m; j++ )
+    {
+        /* calculate best path from 0 to j */
+        pt[j]  = j - 1;
+        pen[j] = pen[j - 1];
+        len[j] = len[j - 1] + 1;
+
+        for( i = j - 2; i>=0; i-- )
+        {
+            r = opti_penalty( pp, i, mod( j, m ), &o, opttolerance, convc, areac );
+            if( r )
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+            if( len[j] > len[i] + 1 || (len[j] == len[i] + 1 && pen[j] > pen[i] + o.pen) )
+            {
+                pt[j]  = i;
+                pen[j] = pen[i] + o.pen;
+                len[j] = len[i] + 1;
+                opt[j] = o;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    om = len[m];
+    r  = privcurve_init( &pp->ocurve, om );
+    if( r )
+    {
+        goto malloc_error;
+    }
+    SAFE_MALLOC( s, om, double );
+    SAFE_MALLOC( t, om, double );
+
+    j = m;
+    for( i = om - 1; i>=0; i-- )
+    {
+        if( pt[j]==j - 1 )
+        {
+            pp->ocurve.tag[i]    = pp->curve.tag[mod( j, m )];
+            pp->ocurve.c[i][0]   = pp->curve.c[mod( j, m )][0];
+            pp->ocurve.c[i][1]   = pp->curve.c[mod( j, m )][1];
+            pp->ocurve.c[i][2]   = pp->curve.c[mod( j, m )][2];
+            pp->ocurve.vertex[i] = pp->curve.vertex[mod( j, m )];
+            pp->ocurve.alpha[i]  = pp->curve.alpha[mod( j, m )];
+            pp->ocurve.alpha0[i] = pp->curve.alpha0[mod( j, m )];
+            pp->ocurve.beta[i]   = pp->curve.beta[mod( j, m )];
+            s[i] = t[i] = 1.0;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            pp->ocurve.tag[i]    = POTRACE_CURVETO;
+            pp->ocurve.c[i][0]   = opt[j].c[0];
+            pp->ocurve.c[i][1]   = opt[j].c[1];
+            pp->ocurve.c[i][2]   = pp->curve.c[mod( j, m )][2];
+            pp->ocurve.vertex[i] = interval( opt[j].s, pp->curve.c[mod( j,
+                                                                        m )][2],
+                                             pp->curve.vertex[mod( j, m )] );
+            pp->ocurve.alpha[i]  = opt[j].alpha;
+            pp->ocurve.alpha0[i] = opt[j].alpha;
+            s[i] = opt[j].s;
+            t[i] = opt[j].t;
+        }
+        j = pt[j];
+    }
+
+    /* calculate beta parameters */
+    for( i = 0; i<om; i++ )
+    {
+        i1 = mod( i + 1, om );
+        pp->ocurve.beta[i] = s[i] / (s[i] + t[i1]);
+    }
+
+    pp->ocurve.alphacurve = 1;
+
+    free( pt );
+    free( pen );
+    free( len );
+    free( opt );
+    free( s );
+    free( t );
+    free( convc );
+    free( areac );
+    return 0;
+
+malloc_error:
+    free( pt );
+    free( pen );
+    free( len );
+    free( opt );
+    free( s );
+    free( t );
+    free( convc );
+    free( areac );
+    return 1;
+}
+
+
+/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#define TRY( x ) if( x ) \
+        goto try_error
+
+/* return 0 on success, 1 on error with errno set. */
+int process_path( path_t* plist, const potrace_param_t* param, progress_t* progress )
+{
+    path_t* p;
+    double  nn = 0, cn = 0;
+
+    if( progress->callback )
+    {
+        /* precompute task size for progress estimates */
+        nn = 0;
+        list_forall( p, plist ) {
+            nn += p->priv->len;
+        }
+        cn = 0;
+    }
+
+    /* call downstream function with each path */
+    list_forall( p, plist ) {
+        TRY( calc_sums( p->priv ) );
+        TRY( calc_lon( p->priv ) );
+        TRY( bestpolygon( p->priv ) );
+        TRY( adjust_vertices( p->priv ) );
+        TRY( smooth( &p->priv->curve, p->sign, param->alphamax ) );
+        if( param->opticurve )
+        {
+            TRY( opticurve( p->priv, param->opttolerance ) );
+            p->priv->fcurve = &p->priv->ocurve;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            p->priv->fcurve = &p->priv->curve;
+        }
+        privcurve_to_curve( p->priv->fcurve, &p->curve );
+
+        if( progress->callback )
+        {
+            cn += p->priv->len;
+            progress_update( cn / nn, progress );
+        }
+    }
+
+    progress_update( 1.0, progress );
+
+    return 0;
+
+try_error:
+    return 1;
+}

potrace/trace.h

+/* Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Peter Selinger.
+ *  This file is part of Potrace. It is free software and it is covered
+ *  by the GNU General Public License. See the file COPYING for details. */
+
+/* $Id: trace.h 147 2007-04-09 00:44:09Z selinger $ */
+
+#ifndef TRACE_H
+#define TRACE_H
+
+#include "potracelib.h"
+#include "progress.h"
+
+int process_path( path_t* plist, const potrace_param_t* param, progress_t* progress );
+
+#endif /* TRACE_H */